Effects of carbon surface area and morphology on performance of stationary lead acid battery

Abstract

A gamut of carbon additives exists with variation in particle diameter, aggregation, surface area, crystallinity, porosity, etc. and these properties influence lead acid battery performance parameters like discharge capacity, self-discharge characteristics, over-charging endurance, ampere hour and watt hour efficiency. In this work, two carbons with varying surface area and morphology were selected, to understand and establish if one form or morphology was more beneficial than another. Carbon additives were structurally and chemically characterized and lead acid batteries assembled with carbon containing negative electrodes were evaluated for stationary/float application as per the Indian standard for testing stationary LAB (with tubular positive plate) in monobloc container (IS 13369:1992, reaffirmed in 2017). The carbons have impacted all battery performance parameters like discharge capacity, ampere hour/watt hour efficiency, self-discharge and endurance test.