Abstract
AimThe aim of this experimental animal model study is to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and melatonin on the maturation of newly-formed regenerated bone in distraction osteogenesis.MethodsUnilateral femoral lengthening(extension) was applied to 39 adult male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 13; control, melatonin and CAPE groups. Through a 7-day latent waiting period and 15 days of distraction, melatonin of 25 mg/kg and CAPE of 10 μmol/kg were administered to the respective groups. The animals were sacrificed on Day 82. Radiographic, histological and biomechanical evaluations were made and measurements were taken.ResultsAt the end of 82 days, the distraction osteogenesis area was seen to be completely filled with new bone formation in all 3 groups both radiologically and histologically. Biomechanically, the maximum torsional fracture strength (Maximum Torque (N-m)) of the melatonin group was higher compared to that of the control group, although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The maximum torsional momentum of the CAPE group was statistically significantly high (p < 0.05). The degree of rigidity (N-m/deg) of both the melatonin and CAPE groups was higher than that of the control group and the CAPE group was found to be statistically significantly higher than the melatonin group (p < 0.05).ConclusionMelatonin and CAPE increase the maturation of new bone in distraction osteogenesis. These effects are probably due to the reducing effect on bone resorption by inhibiting NF-κB and free oxygen radicals.
Highlights
Distraction osteogenesis, which was popularised by Ilizarov (Ilizarov and Ledyaev 1992), is nowadays successfully used in many orthopaedic reconstructive surgical procedures
Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) increase the maturation of new bone in distraction osteogenesis
These effects are probably due to the reducing effect on bone resorption by inhibiting NF-κB and free oxygen radicals
Summary
Distraction osteogenesis, which was popularised by Ilizarov (Ilizarov and Ledyaev 1992), is nowadays successfully used in many orthopaedic reconstructive surgical procedures. Distraction osteogenesis has three stages, the longest and most problematic of which is the consolidation stage In this stage, the lengthy duration of the fixator restricts movement of Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland which regulates the biorhythm. The lengthy duration of the fixator restricts movement of Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland which regulates the biorhythm It is known as antioxidant, and has the property of removing free oxygen radicals. In a study using rat tibia, Halici et al (2010) showed melatonin to have an accelerating effect on bone healing. Koyama et al showed melatonin causes an inhibition of bone resorption and increase in bone mass by decreasing the RANKL- mediated osteoclast formation (Koyama et al 2002)
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