Abstract
THE RESULTS of a number of recent studies (1–5) indicate that modern angiographic contrast media may be employed with safety provided certain criteria of dosage and patient selection are observed. Their rapid and widespread clinical acceptance has fortified this opinion. It is not surprising, however, that serious complications continue to arise as a result of both the greater application of these agents in relatively poor-risk patients and the ever-present temptation to improve radiographic clarity by increasing the volume or rapidity of injection. While some of the reactions can be explained on the basis of sensitization, this mechanism does not appear to account for the majority of cardiovascular catastrophes which have occurred. Within the last few years emphasis has been focused on the marked hemodynamic effects which these severely hypertonic and viscid angiographic media produce, apparently a result of red cell crenation and agglutination (6–10). In a recent study involving the in vitro measurement...
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