Effects of agonist and antagonist muscle fatigue on muscle coactivation around the knee in pubertal boys

Abstract

In many activities the knee joint flexes and extends actively with the involvement of both knee extensor and flexor muscle groups. Consequently the examination of the muscle activity during reciprocal movements may provide useful information on the function of these two muscle groups during fatigued conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the activity of antagonist muscles during a reciprocal isokinetic fatigue test of the knee extensors and flexors. Fifteen healthy pubertal males (age 13.8±0.8 years) performed 22 maximal isokinetic concentric efforts of the knee extensors at 60° s −1. The EMG activity of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) was recorded using surface electrodes. The motion ranged from 100 to 0° of knee flexion. The average moment and average EMG (AEMG) at 10–30°, 31–50°, 51–70° and 71–90° angular position intervals were calculated for each repetition. Twenty efforts were further analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests indicated a significant decline of moment during the test ( p<0.025). The VM and VL AEMG at longer muscle lengths increased significantly as the test progressed whereas the AEMG at short muscle lengths (10–30°) did not significantly change. The agonist AEMG of BF during the first repetition demonstrated a significant increase after the ninth repetition ( p<0.025). The antagonist AEMG of all muscles did not change significantly during the test. These results indicate that there is consistent antagonist activity during both extension and flexion phases of an isokinetic reciprocal fatigue test. It can be concluded that during an isokinetic reciprocal fatigue test, both knee extensors and flexors are fatigued. However, this condition does not have a significant effect on the EMG patterns of these muscles when acting as antagonists during the test.