Effects of acute HMB-FA supplementation on antioxidant status and muscle damage in Elite Judoka: a randomized pilot trial.

Conflicting data are available regarding oral iron therapy in iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and its relation to DNA damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. Our aim was assessment of DNA damage, oxidative stress and anti-oxidant markers in children with ID and IDA before and after low dose iron therapy. The study was conducted in two stages, first stage was assessment of DNA damage using comet assay, malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant enzymes levels (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) & total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in thirty-nine children with IDA, forty-five children with ID without anemia and sixty healthy controls. Second stage was assessment of previous markers together with hematological response following oral therapy with 10mg/day ferric ammonium citrate for 8weeks. Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the three groups regarding MDA, GPx, SOD, CAT and TAC. A significant increase was detected in the DNA damage in the 2 groups compared to control (p < 0.005). Following iron therapy, hematological parameters was improved together with a significant increase in GPx (P = 0.04), SOD (p = 0.002), TAC (P = 0.001) and non-significant reduction in DNA damage in IDA group. There was a significant increase in SOD (p = 0.001) & TAC (p = 0.001) and significant decrease in DNA damage (p = 0.001) in ID group. Low dose iron therapy could be sufficient to improve antioxidant status and DNA damage together with correction of hematologic indices.

BackgroundSoccer is a form of exercise that induces inflammatory response, as well as an increase in free radicals potentially leading to muscle injury. Balanced nutritional intake provides important antioxidant vitamins, including vitamins A, C and E, which may assist in preventing exercise-related muscle damage. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of macro/micronutrient intake on markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammatory and immune response in female soccer players.MethodsTwenty-eight female players belonging to two soccer teams of the same professional soccer club participated in this study after being informed about the aims and procedures and after delivering written consent. Each team completed an 8-day dietary record and played one competition match the same week. Participants were divided into two groups: the REC group (who complied with recommended intakes) and the NO-REC group (who were not compliant). Laboratory blood tests were carried out to determine hematological, electrolytic and hormonal variables, as well as to monitor markers of cell damage and oxidative stress. Blood samples were obtained 24 h before, immediately after and 18 h after official soccer matches. Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare both groups throughout the match.ResultsAt rest, we observed that the REC group had higher levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lower levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in comparison to the NO-REC group. Immediately after the match, levels of TAS, GPx, superoxide dismutase (SOD), LDH and % lymphocytes were higher and the % of neutrophils were lower in the REC group compared to the NO-REC group. These differences were also maintained 18 h post-match, only for TAS and GPx.ConclusionsOur data reveal an association between nutritional intake and muscle damage, oxidative stress, immunity and inflammation markers. The benefit of the intake of specific nutrients may contribute to preventing the undesirable physiological effects provoked by soccer matches.

Military activities often involve high-intensity exercise that can disrupt antioxidant capacity. We investigated the effects of oregano supplementation on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and plasma antioxidant markers of soldiers performing the army combat readiness test (ACRT). Twenty-four healthy male soldiers (age: 24 ± 3 years, height: 167 ± 14 cm, mass: 66 ± 3 kg) were randomized into a placebo group (n = 12) or an oregano supplementation group (n = 12). The participants consumed a capsule containing 500 mg Origanum vulgare immediately after completing the ACRT. Blood sampling was taken before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 60 and 120 min after oregano consumption. Plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured at the four time points. The time × group interactions were found for CK (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 3.64), LDH (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 1.64), MDA (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 9.94), SOD (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 1.88), TAC (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 5.68) and GPX (p &lt; 0.0001, d = 2.38). In all variables, the difference between placebo and oregano groups were significant at 60 (p &lt; 0.0001) and 120 (p &lt; 0.0001) minutes after ACRT test. The main effect of time was also significant for all the variables (p &lt; 0.0001). Our results suggest that oregano supplementation has the potential to reduce muscle damage and increase oxidative capacity following ACRT. Supplementation with oregano may serve as a dietary strategy to increase preparedness and promote recovery in military recruits.

At the present stage of development of civilization human population is continuously exposed to different forms of electromagnetic field, especially that of radio frequency, generated by mobile phones. The long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields, can cause disturbances of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in living organism and induce oxidative stress. In this study the impact of whole-body exposure to electromagnetic field with a frequency of 900MHz generated by mobile phone on prooxidant/antioxidant balance in the testes of male rats was estimated, by means of analysis of the contents of markers of membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress: malone dialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant capacity (TOC), respectively, the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the contents of marker of the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidant system: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in homogenates of the testes. The experiment was performed on 20 male Wistar rats, in mean age of 10 weeks, divided into 2 equal groups (consisting of 10 animals), subjected to long-term exposure to electromagnetic field or to sham-exposure, respectively. Rats from examined group were exposed for 28 succeeding days to electromagnetic field with frequency of 900MHz generated by mobile phone Nokia 5110, that was turned on every 1/2 hour by 8 hours daily and emitted signal for 15 s. The mean value of power density of the electromagnetic field registered during initializing of connection was 85.3 µW/m2, and during lasting connection was 17.0 µW/m2. Rats from control group were exposed for 28 succeeding days to sham-exposure, during which they stayed in identical as exposed animals environmental conditions, excluding the influence of electromagnetic field. During the exposure the mobile phone was placed under a cage with animals. After the end of a cycle of 28 daily exposures to electromagnetic field or sham-exposures (control rats), animals were starved by 24 hours, then anaesthetized and next both testes were taken. In the homogenates prepared from the obtained testes the contents of MDA, TOC and TAC, as well as the activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST were measured. The biochemical analyses were performed by means of routine spectrophotometric and kinetic methods. As a result of a cycle of repeated exposures, in electromagnetic field-exposed group of rats a significant decrease in the contents of MDA, a significant increase in the contents of TOC, as well as a significant increase in the activity of SOD, GR and GST in testicular tissue homogenates were observed, as compared to control sham-exposed rats. No significant differences in the activity of CAT and GPx, as well as in the contents of TAC in testicular tissue homogenates were noticed between both groups of rats. On the basis of the obtained results it was found, that 4-week lasting exposure of rats to electromagnetic field with physical parameters generated by mobile phone working in a frequency range of 900 MHz, causes in testes a significant increase of oxidative stress without significant changes of lipid peroxidation process intensity, as well as a stimulation of the activity of some antioxidant enzymes without changes in the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidant system.

Changes in the Blood Antioxidant Defense Capacity During a 24 Hour Run The objective of this study was to determine whether running a 24-h race would cause oxidative damage and changes in the blood antioxidant defense capacity in endurance-trained athletes. Fourteen male amateur runners (mean age 43.0±10.8 y, body weight 64.3±7.2 kg height 171±5 cm, weekly covered distance 81±43 km, training history 8±9 y) who participated in a 24-hr ultra-marathon and volunteered to give blood samples during the race were enrolled for this study. Blood samples were taken before the run, after completing the marathon distance (42.217 km), after 12 h and at the conclusion of the race. The capacity of erythrocyte antioxidant defense system was evaluated by measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid and glutathione-GSH), and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress (i.e., plasma level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP ("ferric-reducing ability of plasma")). Moreover, in order to elucidate between-group differences in the total capacity of the blood antioxidant defense system, an index of antioxidant potential (POTAOX) was calculated as a sum of standardized values of activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, GR) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, GSH). A progressive decline was observed in activities of SOD and CAT with the distance covered during the race, while the opposite trend was found in activities of GPX and GR that tended to increase. A significant decrease was recorded in GSH content after completing the marathon distance, which tended toward slightly higher values, without reaching the baseline level, at the finish of the race. Plasma concentration of uric acid (UA) was not significantly affected, except for the value recorded after 12 h of running that was significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower, while both markers of oxidative stress (FRAP and MDA) increased significantly after completing the marathon distance. Comparison of the calculated values of the POTAOX index recorded pre-race and throughout the competition implies that the most drastic decline in the total antioxidant capacity occurred at mid-race (i.e. after 12 h of running).

BackgroundAlthough research suggests that antioxidant supplementation can protect against exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, also delayed post-exercise muscle recovery and hindered adaptation to training were reported in the supplemented athletes. PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in sprinters during preparatory phase of their training cycle.MethodsSixteen sprinters participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (PL)-controlled crossover study, including two 4-week treatment periods with PL and GTE (980 mg polyphenols daily). The sprinters performed two repeated cycle sprint tests (RST; 4 × 15 s, with 1-min rest intervals), after PL and GTE supplementation. Blood was sampled before (at rest), 5 min after RST, and after the 24-h recovery. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were measured in erythrocytes, and total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid (UA), albumin (AL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in blood plasma.ResultsRepeated cycle sprint test performed after PL induced an increase in MDA, TAC, and SOD. Moreover, an increase in UA, AL, and CK was observed after RST irrespective of experimental conditions (PL, GTE). Supplementation with GTE caused an increase in total polyphenols and TAC at rest, and a decrease in MDA and SOD after RST. No significant changes in sprint performance were noted after GTE, as compared to PL.ConclusionsSupplementation with GTE prevents oxidative stress induced by RST in sprinters. Furthermore, GTE supplementation does not seem to hinder training adaptation in antioxidant enzyme system. On the other hand, neither prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage, nor an improvement in sprint performance is noted after GTE administration.

PCSK9 plays a key role in raising LDL-C levels, which contributes to heart attacks (MI). However, studies show that about half of MI patients have normal LDL-C levels. This study aims to explore the link between PCSK9, heart function, and oxidative stress markers in MI patients. This investigation was carried out at Tehran Heart Centre Hospital on healthy individuals (n=63) and patients (n=63) with MI who had a coronary artery block above 50% (CAB > 50%). Oxidative stress (OS) parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, PCSK9, oxidized Low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and hs-CRP are assessed. Indeed, biochemical parameters and EF% were measured. Higher EF% (>37.5%), TAC (>1.05 mmol Fe²+;/L), GPx (>16.48 mU/mL), CAT (>11.32 nmol/min/mL), and SOD (>297.16 U/mL) were linked to a lower risk of CAB > 50%. In contrast, higher MDA (>32.07 nmol/mL), MPO (>17.77 U/L), hs-CRP (>5.5 mg/L), and ox-LDL (>64.87 μg/L) were associated with a higher risk. There was no significant difference in PCSK9 and LDL-C levels between groups. EF% was positively linked to SOD but negatively related to MDA, MPO, ox-LDL, hs-cTnI, and hs-CRP. Ox-LDL correlated positively with MPO but negatively with TAC, CAT, and GPx. PCSK9 showed a positive relationship with MDA. The best markers for CAB > 50% diagnosis were ox-LDL (AUC = 83.22, cut-off > 63.35 μg/L), EF% (AUC = 82.35, cut-off < 46.25%), and hs-cTnI (AUC = 81.3, cut-off > 0.265 ng/mL). While PCSK9's role in MI through LDL-C is well known, its impact on inflammation and oxidative stress may also be important, even when LDL-C and PCSK9 levels are normal. Additionally, ox-LDL and EF% are better indicators of CAB > 50% than hs-cTnI.

Introduction. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a well-known member of the retroviridae family, potentially causes serious outcomes including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP). Oxidative stress plays a key role in progression and clinical exacerbation of several chronic infections. We have previously shown a reduction in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) during HTLV-1 infection and this study was set out to investigate the reasons for TAC reduction.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance during HTLV-1 infection may result from disruptions in oxidant levels or antioxidant defence system.Aim. This study aimed to analyse the key enzymes and oxidant molecules playing important roles in virus-induced oxidative stress.Methodology. We measured serum activities of the major antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as serum concentrations of the main oxidant markers: nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Totally 40 HTLV-1 infected patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patient group consisted of chronic carriers and patients with HAM-TSP (N=20).Results. The current study found that serum levels of MDA and NO were significantly higher in patient groups particularly in HAM-TSP patients (P<0.05). In addition, a reductive trend was observed in the serum activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX in HTLV-1 infected patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.05).Conclusion. Reduced activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX antioxidant enzymes along with the observed elevated concentrations of oxidant molecules may contribute to oxidative stress and worse outcomes during HTLV-1 infection.

Backgrounds The development of asthma is highly affected by exposure to exogenous and endogenous oxidative molecules, but the impact of this exposure on the pathophysiology of asthma has received little attention. Objectives Evaluating group of selective oxidative stress markers as a tool in the management of asthma disease. Methods In comparison with matched healthy controls, levels of the oxidant and antioxidant markers: lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), Total glutathione (tGSH), Uric acid (UA), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in serum and saliva of different asthma groups. Results All oxidative markers in serum and saliva of asthma patients showed significant alterations from normal healthy controls (P < 0.05), except the salivary SOD (P = 0.441). Their levels in serum were significantly correlated with asthma severity (P < 0.05), and the distinguishing between childhood and adult asthma was significantly accomplished by GPx, SOD, TAC markers (P < 0.05). However, in patients with childhood asthma no significant differences were detected between the levels of GPx, CAT, UA, MDA in serum and saliva samples (P > 0.05). Conclusion Determination of the oxidative markers GPx, CAT, UA in serum or saliva can distinguish asthma from healthy states. The serum levels of UA and TAC are highly effective in monitoring asthma severity, while the salivary GPx, CAT, UA, MDA are beneficial in the management of childhood asthma. Discrimination of the age factor between asthma groups can be achieved by testing GPx, SOD, TAC in serum.

Glutamine improves heat stress–induced oxidative damage in the broiler thigh muscle by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 signaling pathway

Adrenal incidentalomas are unexpectedly discovered adrenal masses with an estimated prevalence of 8%, often found during imaging for unrelated medical conditions. While primarily benign and hormonally inactive, these lesions have been associated with subtle cortisol autonomy, oxidative stress, and increased cardiovascular risk. The present study investigates the subclinical metabolic and cardiovascular impacts of non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas through oxidative stress and antioxidant marker analysis. This prospective study included 30 patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas, compared to two control groups: 26 individuals with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension (HT) and 24 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Hormonal evaluations, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTx)), antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and melatonin), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed. Oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in patients with adrenal incidentalomas compared to controls (P < 0.001). Antioxidant markers, including SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and melatonin, were significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.001). Cortisol levels post-dexamethasone suppression, although within normal limits, were higher in the incidentaloma group, correlating positively with oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and 3-NTx) and inversely with antioxidant parameters. Elevated hsCRP levels in the case group indicated a pro-inflammatory state. Non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas are associated with heightened oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant capacity, and systemic inflammation, potentially contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic risks. These findings challenge the assumption that non-functioning incidentalomas are clinically insignificant, emphasizing the need for long-term monitoring and comprehensive evaluation of their systemic effects.

IntroductionThis study aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of saffron supplementation on oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and prooxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB)] in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar until December 2022. Trial studies investigating the effects of oral saffron supplements on MDA, TAC, TOS, GPx, SOD, and PAB concentrations were included in the study. To analyze the results, mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q and I2 values. Sixteen cases were included in the meta-analysis (468 and 466 subjects in the saffron and control groups, respectively).ResultsIt was found that saffron consumption caused a significant decrease in MDA (SMD: −0.322; 95% CI: −0.53, −0.16; I2 = 32.58%) and TOS (SMD: −0.654; 95% CI: −1.08, −0.23; I2 = 68%) levels as well as a significant increase in TAC (SMD: 0.302; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.47; I2 = 10.12%) and GPx (SMD: 0.447; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.80; I2 = 35%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in MDA levels in studies with a saffron dosage of >30 mg/day, age of <50 years, and study duration of <12 weeks. Among the limitations of the study, we can point out that the studies were from Iran, the different nature of the diseases included, and were not considered of some potential confounders such as smoking, physical activity, and diet in the studies.DiscussionIn summary, the results showed that saffron has beneficial effects on oxidative stress markers.

Circulatory antioxidant and oxidative stress markers are in correlation with demographics but not cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients

Present study was conducted on Red Kandhari cattle to determine the impact of heat stress on levels of oxidative stress markers viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) during peak winter, summer and rainy seasons.For the study, total twenty-four (24) apparently healthy, Red Kandhari male F(n=12) and female animals (n=12) irrespective of physiological status with average age (1-4 years) were selected from Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani.The metrological variables viz.dry bulb temperature and relative humidity was recorded for each season and THI was calculated for peak winter (month of January), summer (month of May), and rainy (month of September) seasons.The blood samples were aseptically collected by jugular venipuncture with K3EDTA vacutainer at peak winter, summer and rainy seasons.The parameters of MDA, SOD, GPx, GSH, CAT and TAC were estimated using standard methods.Significantly higher levels SOD, catalase and MDA; significant (p<0.01)decrease in GPx activity, GSH concentration and TAC was observed in the Red Kandhari cattle during peak summer season as compared to winter and rainy seasons.It was concluded that the elevated activity of SOD, catalase, increased MDA concentration accompanied by decrease in the Gpx activity along with the drop in the GSH concentration may results into oxidative stress at cellular level.However, decrease in TAC implies that an antioxidant potential of animals to scavenge the free radicals has been utilized to combat oxidative stress produced during peak summer season in Red Kandhari cattle.

The beneficial effects of exercise and a healthy diet are well documented in the general population but poorly understood in elite athletes. Previous research in subelite athletes suggests that regular training and an antioxidant-rich diet enhance antioxidant defenses but not performance. To investigate whether habitual diet and/or exercise (training status or performance) affect antioxidant status in elite athletes. Antioxidant blood biomarkers were assessed before and after a 30-min ergometer time trial in 28 male and 34 female rowers. The antioxidant blood biomarkers included ascorbic acid, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), erythrocyte- superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase. Rowers completed a 7-d food diary and an antioxidant-intake questionnaire. Effects of diet, training, and performance on resting biomarkers were assessed with Pearson correlations, and their effect on exercise-induced changes in blood biomarkers was assessed by a method of standardization. With the exception of GPx, there were small to moderate increases with exercise for all markers. Blood resting TAC had a small correlation with total antioxidant intake (correlation .29; 90% confidence limits, ±.27), and the exercise-induced change in TAC had a trivial to small association with dietary antioxidant intake from vitamin C (standardized effect .19; ±.22), vegetables (.20; ±.23), and vitamin A (.25; ±.27). Most other dietary intakes had trivial associations with antioxidant biomarkers. Years of training had a small inverse correlation with TAC (-.32; ±.19) and a small association with the exercise-induced change in TAC (.27; ±.24). Training status correlates more strongly with antioxidant status than diet does.