Effectiveness of the Application of Range of Motion (ROM) with the Cylindrical Grip Method on Increasing Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Non hemorrhagic stroke is a functional disorder of the brain caused by a blockage in the blood vessels (Junaidi, 2012). The World Health Organization (WHO) states that, as many as 20.5 million people in the world, 85% experience non-hemorrhagic strokes of the number of strokes that exist. Hypertension contributes 17.5 million stroke cases in the world. Post-stroke self-management is one of the therapeutic options that can be done by patients such as ROM (Range of Motion) Exercise (Selles et al., 2014). Apart from ROM exercises, mirror therapy is one of the post-stroke management which can also be done independently. The purpose is to describe nursing care by providing range of motion (ROM) exercise mirror therapy can increase muscle strength in non hemorrhagic stroke patients. This type of research uses a descriptive design. The subjects in this study were patients suffering from non-hemorrhagic strokes with a focus on the application of ROM (Range of Motion) mirror therapy exercises on muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. The process of analyzing and presenting data uses data collection techniques, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Giving mirror therapy range of motion (ROM) exercises in cases 1 and 2 increased muscle strength, which on the first day, muscle strength increased from 3 to 4 on the third day. Conclusion: The success of ROM (Range of Motion) exercises and mirror therapy in increasing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Background: Stroke is the most common cause of disease in the world and is the highest cause of death in Indonesia, so prevention is essential to minimize disability and stroke death. To restore and increase muscle strength in stroke patients, the solution is to do Range Of Motion (ROM) Exercises and Warm Compresses. This Scoping Review aimed to identify the effectiveness of Range Of Motion therapy and warm compresses on increasing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods: The method used is a Scoping Review using journal databases from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar in the range of 2020-2023 with the keywords "Range Of Motion Therapy", "Warm Compress", "Muscle strength" and "Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke" and stroke obtained as many as 2381 articles. Results: Search for articles according to the criteria and get 10 ready to be reviewed. The articles describe the effectiveness of ROM therapy and warm compresses in increasing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Conclusion: It is expected in stroke patients to attempt to control Range Of Motion therapy and warm water compresses.

Background: Stroke remains a major health issue both in Indonesia and globally. Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a leading cause of physical disability, resulting in decreased muscle strength and motor function. Physical rehabilitation, including Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, plays a crucial role in the recovery of stroke patients by restoring muscle function and improving muscle strength. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ROM exercises in improving muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with physical mobility impairment. Methods: A descriptive study with a case study approach was conducted on one non-hemorrhagic stroke patient who was given passive ROM exercises for 7 days, with a frequency of twice a day (morning and evening). The instruments used included Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and a Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) observation sheet to assess muscle strength before and after the passive ROM intervention. Results: The study showed a significant increase in muscle strength after ROM exercises. Muscle strength consistently improved throughout the intervention, indicating that ROM exercises are effective in enhancing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Conclusion: Regular ROM exercises can increase muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Initially, the patient's left extremity muscle strength was at a scale of 3, and after 7 days of ROM exercises, it improved to a scale of 4. This study provides evidence that ROM exercises are effective for stroke patients

Stroke is one of diseases which can be the number one cause of disability in the worldx and cause of death number two in the world. The incidence of stroke increases with increasing age. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of social support with depression in stroke patients. This type of research uses analytic observation with cross sectional design. The sample used was non-hemorrhagic post-stroke patients and post-stroke hemorrhagic outpatients in the medical rehabilitation clinic of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang by taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection by visiting the patient's house and conducting interviews using social support questionnaires and BDI. Data analysis using Pearson test. The results obtained were 84 non-hemorrhagic stroke patients and 30 hemorrhagic stroke patients. Most age is experienced at the age of 61-70 years as much as 45.2% in non-hemorrhagic strokes and 43% in hemorrhagic strokes. The most sex is female 53.6% in non-hemorrhagic stroke and 60% in men in hemorrhagic stroke. In non-hemorrhagic stroke patients, it was found that 92.9% received high social support while in hemorrhagic stroke patients, high social support was 73,3%. The degree of depression obtained a minimum of 85.7% depression according to the BDI scale for non-hemorrhagic stroke patients and the severe BDI scale of 43.3% for hemorrhagic stroke patients. There was no significant relationship between social support and the degree of depression in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients hemorrhagic stroke patient The conclusion was not found a meaningful relationship between social support and depression level in non-hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic post-stroke patients

Differences in functional prognosis for patients with hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic strokes are unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare the functional outcome of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke patients after inpatient stroke rehabilitation. By retrospective review, 25 hemorrhagic stroke patients were matched with 25 nonhemorrhagic stroke patients on the basis of age and onset to admission interval. Discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM), FIM gain, FIM efficiency, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition were compared. Admission FIM, gender, and comorbidities were similar between the two groups. There were no differences in discharge FIM, FIM gain, and discharge to home rates between groups. However, the hemorrhagic group had a significantly shorter LOS (31.7 v 37.6 days; P = 0.05) with higher FIM-total efficiency (0.84 v 0.60; P = 0.02). The FIM-motor scale accounted for most of the gains in efficiency (0.71 v 0.53; P = 0.05) with no significant difference in FIM-cognition efficiency between groups. Post hoc analysis revealed that onset to admission interval was a strong predictor of LOS (r = 0.62; P < 0.0001). Hemorrhagic stroke patients appear to exhibit functional gains somewhat faster than nonhemorrhagic counterparts. Confirmation of these preliminary findings must await future studies.

Stroke is a health problem that is the main cause of disability at a young age. In developing countries, stroke ranks third as the main cause of death after heart disease and cancer. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of mirror therapy on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients. Stroke is a functional brain disorder that can impact various body functions, including motor deficits in the form of hemiparesis. Mirror therapy is a therapy for stroke patients that involves the mirror neuron system. This type of research is pre-experiment with one group pretest and posttest design. The population was all non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with a sample of 17 patients, using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used was the Wilcoxon test with a normality test using Shapiro Wilk. The research results showed that the average muscle strength before the intervention was 3.06 after the intervention was 4.00. The results of analysis using the Willcoxon test obtained a p value for muscle strength of 0.002 &lt; 0.05. This means that H0 is rejected, there is an effect of mirror therapy on increasing muscle strength in non- hemorrhagic stroke patients. Mirror Therapy has an effect on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients with hemiparesis, so the mirror therapy technique can be used as management and treatment to increase muscle strength in stroke patients

Stroke is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted due to blockage or rupture of brain blood vessels with symptoms such as hemipareseis, slurred speech, difficulty walking, loss of balance and decreased muscle strength. The aim of knowing the application of passive Range of motion (ROM) exercises in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with limb paralysis. This research method used a descriptive method with a case study approach in which one stroke patient was given passive ROM exercises. The results showed that data on decreased consciousness, BP 170/120 mm / Hg and decreased limb muscle strength. Nursing diagnosis of physical mobility impairment, the nursing intervention given was passive ROM exercises twice a day aimed at increasing muscle strength. Evaluation after six days of intervention, the patient could move his hands and feet. In the upper/ lower right limb from scale 2 to scale 3 and the upper / lower left limb from 0 to 1. The conclusion after being given passive ROM exercises, stroke patients experienced increased muscle strength in both extremities.

Stroke is one of the serious health problems in modern life today. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) explained that stroke is the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.7 million people die of strokes in 2015 representing 31% of all global deaths. This study aims to determine the effect of Passive Range of Motion (ROM) Exercise on Increasing Muscle Strength in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients in the Inpatient Room at Rsud Kota Tangerang. Quasi-experimental research design with a sample of 14 people. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Samples are measured using Observation Sheets before and after Range Of Motion (ROM) Exercises. This Range Of Motion exercise is carried out for 1 week in 7 days, done 2 times in the morning and afternoon for 15 minutes. Based on the Paired Test, it was found that there was an effect of Passive Range Of Motion (ROM) Exercise on increasing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with p-value = 0,01 &lt;α 0,05. This proves that passive ROM has an effect on increasing the muscle strength of the respondent. Hospitals should set standard operating procedures for special handling using Passive ROM so that the results obtained can be maximal and uniform for all the problems of the word muscle strength.Keywords: Non-hemorrhagic; stroke; Passive ROM; Muscle Strength

Background: Stroke is a manifestation of systemic disease in the elderly in the form of circulatory disorders to the brain that cause neurologic deficits, it is necessary to carry out appropriate nursing interventions or action plans such as joint strengthening exercises / Range Of Motion (ROM) techniques. Objective: To identify research articles about the duration of administration and the effects before and after ROM nursing actions were given on muscle strength, walking balance and joint span in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with impaired physical mobility. Research Methods: This research is a literature review study by searching for articles through Google Scholar. Research results: The results of a literature review on 4 research articles on ROM nursing actions in stroke, there is an effect before and after being given ROM actions on stroke by increasing muscle strength, walking balance and joint range of motion. Conclusion: The results in 4 research articles on ROM nursing actions in stroke related to the time of giving ROM actions with different durations of administration and there was an effect before and after being given ROM actions on stroke. Suggestion: For stroke patients, it can be used as a reference for information in healing stroke. Nurses need to routinely apply ROM in the hospital to stroke and post-stroke patients to reduce severe paralysis problems.

Background: Non-hemorrhagic stroke patients experience hemiparesis, an improper handling results in joint contractures. Discharge planning combined with a range of motion (ROM) training given to patients and their families are expected to improve muscle strength in patients after returning from the hospital.Aims: This study is to identify the effectiveness of discharge planning in increasing muscle strength.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design. A total of 34 respondents were selected by cluster random sampling technique, from RAA Soewondo Pati General Hospital of Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. The respondents were divided equally into two groups; an intervention group (N = 17) was given a discharge planning program together with stroke information and range of motion (ROM) training while the control group (N = 17) received a standard discharge planning available in the hospital. Further, Muscle Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the muscle strength on the 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after discharge planning presented to the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients.Results: This present study clearly acknowledges the standard discharge planning program available in the hospital improve the muscle strength of the upper and lower extremity in the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients just 2nd day after the care (pretest), and the significant improvement was observed until the day 14. Moreover, combining the care with ROM training at the intervention group faster the recovery and the muscle strength improved significantly at the 7th day and continue increase at the day 14. Looking to the muscle strength since the 2nd day to the day 14, respectively the muscle strength of upper and lower limb at the control group improved at the point of 0.588 and 0.882, while at the group received the ROM training reached the value of 1.472 and 1.412.Conclusions: The ROM training combined to the current discharge planning program will faster the muscle strength recovery of the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients. This research provide insight how family plays important role to the success in monitoring the rehabilitation and recovery progress. Keywords: Discharge planning, Range of motion (ROM) training, Nonhemorrhagic stroke patients, Muscle strength Received: 25 August 2018, Reviewed: 01 September 2018, Received: in revised form 23 October 2018, Accepted: 31 October 2018 DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-23556

Background: Non-hemorrhagic stroke patients experience hemiparesis, an improper handling results in joint contractures. Discharge planning combined with a range of motion (ROM) training given to patients and their families are expected to improve muscle strength in patients after returning from the hospital. Aims: This study is to identify the effectiveness of discharge planning in increasing muscle strength. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design. A total of 34 respondents were selected by cluster random sampling technique, from RAA Soewondo Pati General Hospital of Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. The respondents were divided equally into two groups; an intervention group (N = 17) was given a discharge planning program together with stroke information and range of motion (ROM) training while the control group (N = 17) received a standard discharge planning available in the hospital. Further, Muscle Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the muscle strength on the 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after discharge planning presented to the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients. Results: This present study clearly acknowledges the standard discharge planning program available in the hospital improve the muscle strength of the upper and lower extremity in the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients just 2nd day after the care (pretest), and the significant improvement was observed until the day 14. Moreover, combining the care with ROM training at the intervention group faster the recovery and the muscle strength improved significantly at the 7th day and continue increase at the day 14. Looking to the muscle strength since the 2nd day to the day 14, respectively the muscle strength of upper and lower limb at the control group improved at the point of 0.588 and 0.882, while at the group received the ROM training reached the value of 1.472 and 1.412. Conclusions: The ROM training combined to the current discharge planning program will faster the muscle strength recovery of the nonhemorrhagic stroke patients. This research provide insight how family plays important role to the success in monitoring the rehabilitation and recovery progress.

Stroke is a clinical syndrome that begins suddenly, progressively, in the form of focal or global neurological deficits that lasts 24 hours or more and can cause death. This is caused by nontraumatic cerebral blood flow disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of active ROM and acupressure exercises on upper limb muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in the inpatient room of RSUD Dr. Haryoto Lumajang.&#x0D; The research method used was a pre-experimental design with the type of pre-test and post-test one group design. With a sample of 36 respondents with the Accidental Sampling technique and the test used was the Wilcoxon test.&#x0D; From the results before being given the ROM treatment, 11 respondents (61.1%) had poor muscle tone and before being given the acupressure treatment, 15 respondents (83.3%) had poor muscle tone. From the results after being given ROM treatment, 13 respondents (72.2%) had moderately good muscle tone and after being given the acupressure treatment, 14 respondents (77.8%) had poor muscle tone. The results of the Mann-Whitney analysis test obtained α = 0.003, which means that there is a comparison of the effectiveness of active ROM exercises and acupressure on upper limb muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.&#x0D; It is expected that patients with stroke will always try to practice ROM independently which has been taught by health workers, for the patient's family to participate and motivate patients to do ROM exercises to accelerate the healing of stroke patients.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Active ROM Exercises, Acupressure, Upper Extremity Muscle Strength, Non Hemorrhagic Stroke

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of five-finger relaxation technique on anxiety and stress in hemorrhagic stroke patients at Cimacan Hospital. Methods: This study used quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group design. Sample collection using purposive sampling. The sample was 40 people and divided into two groups with 20 people each for the intervention group and control group. Data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test. Results: The results showed that after the five-finger relaxation technique was performed on the intervention group, there was a decrease in anxiety levels (p = 0.000) and stress (p = 0.000) in stroke patients, while in the control group there was a decrease in anxiety (p = 0.000) and stress (p = 0.000), and there was a difference between anxiety levels (p = 0.000) and stress (p = 0.000) in the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: There is an effect of five-finger relaxation technique on anxiety and stress in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients, and there are differences in anxiety and stress in the control and intervention groups. It is hoped that this five-finger relaxation technique can be used as an evidence base nursing on non-pharmacological treatment as a form of independent nursing intervention by a nurse in providing nursing care to help in the process of reducing anxiety and stress in stroke patients.

Background – Stroke is the third largest cause of disability globally, representing a high economic and social burden on society. Objectives - The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of massage therapy on motor status among non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Method – This study was a literature review. The article was searched using Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Garuda Portal, Pro-quest, EBSCO, National Library, Google Scholar. The term keywords were massage, aromatherapy, motor status, stroke patients. Results – A total of 25 journals from 7,747 published journals were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This shows massage therapy was an intervention that can be applied to improve motor status in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients and does not cause harmful effects to be carried out as an intervention. Conclusion – The focus form of the intervention provides feedback or information that can be on motor status. Intervention in the form of massage therapy is one of the complementary therapies that can be used by health professionals in handling and improving motor status in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.

The decreasing function of the upper and lower extremities is a frequent complication in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients who experience hemiparesis. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of acupressure, and warm foot soak hydrotherapy on increasing muscle strength and range of motion among non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. The Randomized control trial (RCT) was applied in this study. We select the samples using simple random sampling with 30 respondents. The data was analyzed using Paired t-test and an Independent t-test to determine the mean difference among the experimental and control groups. Independent t-test showed no significant difference p value >0.05 that the intervention and control groups were equally effective in increasing muscle strength and range of motion of the upper and lower extremities. However, the difference in the mean increase in muscle strength and range of motion in the intervention group was higher than in the control group. Acupressure with a warm foot soak hydrotherapy effectively increased muscle strength and range of motion of the upper extremities with the lower extremities in non-hemorrhagic post-stroke patients.