Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for using smartwatches with a built-in accelerometer as feedback devices for high-quality chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported the effects of this feedback on chest compressions in action. A randomized, parallel controlled study of 40 senior medical students was conducted to examine the effect of chest compression feedback via a smartwatch during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of manikins. A feedback application was developed for the smartwatch, in which visual feedback was provided for chest compression depth and rate. Vibrations from smartwatch were used to indicate the chest compression rate. The participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups, and they performed chest compressions on manikins for 2 min continuously with or without feedback, respectively. The proportion of accurate chest compression depth (≥5 cm and ≤6 cm) was assessed as the primary outcome, and the chest compression depth, chest compression rate, and the proportion of complete chest decompression (≤1 cm of residual leaning) were recorded as secondary outcomes. The proportion of accurate chest compression depth in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (64.6±7.8% versus 43.1±28.3%; p = 0.02). The mean compression depth and rate and the proportion of complete chest decompressions did not differ significantly between the two groups (all p>0.05). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation-related feedback via a smartwatch could provide assistance with respect to the ideal range of chest compression depth, and this can easily be applied to patients with out-of-hospital arrest by rescuers who wear smartwatches.
Highlights
The new 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend rescuers to perform compressions to a depth of 5–6 cm and at a rate of 100–120 counts/min; this is in contrast to the previous guidelines, which recommended a depth of at least 5 cm and a rate of 100 counts/ min [1, 2]
The proportion of accurate chest compression (CC) depth for the intervention and control groups was 64.6±7.8% and 43.1 ±28.3%, respectively (p = 0.02)
There were no significant differences in the CC depth, CC rate, and proportion of complete chest decompression (Table 2)
Summary
The new 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend rescuers to perform compressions to a depth of 5–6 cm and at a rate of 100–120 counts/min; this is in contrast to the previous guidelines, which recommended a depth of at least 5 cm and a rate of 100 counts/ min [1, 2] This range of chest compression (CC) depth is sufficient to achieve an effective outcome without the development of complications, including fracture of the ribs, pneumothorax, and hemothorax, which are associated with a compression depth of >6 cm [3,4,5]. A CPR feedback system that provides accurate information in real-time could overcome this problem in real-life situations involving cardiac arrest
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