Effectiveness of a 3D printed model in emergency front-of-neck access training: a comparative study with the porcine laryngotracheal model

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Introduction: Emergency front-of-neck access (eFONA) is the last rescue step in the difficult airway, recommended by the different anesthesia societies to solve the “can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate” (CICO) situation. This is a rarely occurring, albeit critical situation which may result in catastrophic clinical consequences, hence the need for continuous training in simulated circumstances. Objective: To compare and analyze a 3D printed model with the porcine laryngotracheal apparatus traditionally used for surgical cricothyrotomy training. Materials and Methods: Experimental study in which residents from the Anesthesia and Resuscitation and Otolaryngology specialization programs at Valparaiso University in Chile performed surgical cricothyrotomy in both simulation models. Fidelity with the two methods was assessed and differences were compared. Results: Regarding palpation of the structures, the 3D model received better ratings in terms of all of the anatomical landmarks studied, except for the thyroid cartilage. Regarding the fidelity of the technique in both models, the 3D printed model had better ratings in terms of visualization, palpation and handling when compared with the porcine laryngotracheal apparatus. Conclusions: The 3D simulation model could have advantages over the porcine models in terms of availability, standardization and potential for continuous training for practitioners whose clinical practice includes airway management.