Effective biennial mammographic screening in women aged 40–49

Abstract

Background The United Kingdom is currently moving the age limit for invitation in its national breast screening programme downwards from 50 to 47. In contrast, the US Preventive Services Task Force concluded that, because of borderline statistical significance on effectiveness of mammographic screening, the current evidence is insufficient to advise screening in women aged 40–49. Material and methods We designed a case-referent study to investigate the effect of biennial mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality for women in their forties. In Nijmegen, the Netherlands, screening started in 1975. A total of 272 breast cancer deaths were identified, and 1360 referents aged 40–69 were sampled from the population invited for screening. Effectiveness was estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) indicating the breast cancer death rate in screened versus unscreened women. Results In women aged 40–49, the effect of screening was OR = 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.82). This result is similar to those aged 50–59 (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.35–0.85) and 60–69 (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.38–1.13). Conclusion Our results add convincing evidence about the effectiveness of biennial mammographic screening in women aged 40–49.