Abstract
An innovative catalyst is reported for removing suspect carcinogen trichloroacetic acid (TCA) found in water after chlorination. SilverSil, a methyl-modified silica xerogel doped with Ag nanoparticles, shows remarkably high and stable activity as heterogeneous catalyst for the reductive dehalogenation of TCA with NaBH4 as reducing agent. Chloroacetic acid and acetic acid are the main products of the highly reproducible reductive dehalogenation. The low cost, high stability and ease of application of the SilverSil sol-gel catalyst to continuous processes open the route to the industrial uptake of SilverSil to free chlorinated waters from a probable human carcinogenic agent exerting significant genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.
Highlights
In 1974 Rook, a chemist at Rotterdam Waters, discovered that the reaction of natural organic matter in water with chlorine during water disinfection leads to the formation of haloforms as unwanted by-products [1]
We have discovered that 30:70 SilverSil, a 70% methyl-modified silica xerogel doped
We have discovered that 30:70 SilverSil, a 70% methyl-modified silica xerogel with Ag nanoparticles, shows remarkably high and stable activity as heterogeneous catalyst for the doped with Ag nanoparticles, shows remarkably high and stable activity as heterogeneous catalyst reductive dehalogenation of trichloroacetic acid with NaBH4 as reducing for the reductive dehalogenation of trichloroacetic acid with NaBH4 as agent
Summary
In 1974 Rook, a chemist at Rotterdam Waters, discovered that the reaction of natural organic matter in water with chlorine during water disinfection leads to the formation of haloforms as unwanted by-products [1]. Regardless of low concentration in water, where most disinfection by-products are poorly soluble, chlorination by-product compounds which include haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles and halocarbonyl compounds, are toxic and tend to accumulate in the food chain [2]. The 0.1 mg/L guideline value for trichloroacetic acid (Cl3 CCOOH) in drinking-water was first suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 as “provisional value” due to “the limitations of the available toxicological database” [3]. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a suspect human carcinogen exerting significant genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, which accumulates in the body [4]. Almost all (81%) residents in urban areas, and a vast majority (62%) of residents in rural areas had urinary TCA, though with significant higher concentrations for residents in urban areas
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