Effect on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Powered by Premium Level Gasohol-Paraffin Blends with Spark Advancement and Spark Retardment

Purpose The development of a theoretical model for predicting the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a cylinder head porous medium engine becomes necessary due to imposed requirements from the viewpoint of power, efficiency and toxic gases in the exhaust. The cylinder head porous medium engine was found to have superior combustion, performance and emission characteristics when compared to a conventional diesel engine. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Due to heterogeneous and transient operation of diesel engine under conventional and porous medium mode, the combustion process becomes complex, and achieving a pure analytical solution to the problem was difficult. Although, closer accuracy of correlation between the computer models and the experimental results is improbable, the computer model will give an opportunity to quantify the combustion and heat transfer processes and thus the performance and emission characteristics of an engine. Findings In this research work, a theoretical model was developed to predict the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a cylinder head porous medium engine through two-zone combustion modeling technique, and the results were validated through experimentation. Originality/value The two-zone model developed by using programming language C for the purpose of predicting combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a porous medium engine is the first of its kind.

This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60 and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3–Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption and thermal and exergy efficiency) and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe2O3 fuel blends on brake power, BTE and CO emission were more than Al2O3 fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe2O3 nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NOx (23.9%) and SO2 (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe2O3–Al2O3 hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.

Experimental study on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a high compression ratio heavy-duty spark-ignition engine fuelled with liquefied methane gas and hydrogen blend

Effect of boost pressure on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a multicylinder CRDI engine fueled with argemone biodiesel/diesel blends

The exceptional properties of methanol, such as its high octane number and latent heat of evaporation, make it an advantageous fuel for efficient utilization in dual-fuel combustion techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of direct methanol injection timing on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel spark ignition engine at different injection pressures. We conducted four different direct injection pressure tests ranging from 360° ahead to 30° CA ahead at 30° CA intervals. The experimental results indicate that regardless of the injection pressure, altering the methanol injection timing from −360° to −30° CA ATDC leads to distinct combustion behavior and changes in the combustion phase. Initially, as the injection timing is delayed, the combustion process accelerates, which is followed by a slower combustion phase. Additionally, the combustion phase itself experiences a delay and then advances. Regarding performance characteristics, both the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) exhibit a consistent pattern of first increasing and then decreasing as the injection timing is delayed. This suggests that there is an optimal injection timing window that can enhance both the engine’s efficiency and its ability to manage exhaust temperature. In terms of emissions, there are different trends in this process due to the different conditions under which the individual emissions are produced, with CO and HC showing a decreasing and then increasing trend, and NOx showing the opposite trend. In conclusion, regardless of the injection pressure employed, adopting a thoughtful and well-designed injection strategy can significantly improve the combustion performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The findings of this study shed light on the potential of methanol dual-fuel combustion and provide valuable insights for optimizing engine operation in terms of efficiency and emissions control.

The search for an effective solution to improve performance and emission characteristics of internal combustion (IC) engines used in the commercial sector is regarded as one of the most important and essential issues in recent years due to increasing levels of pollution. Nanoparticles with their additive ability to increase fuel reactivity and atomization, due to their large surface area and high heat transfer coefficient, can improve the performance and emission characteristics of a fuel. This review highlights the use of nanoparticles as fuel additives to enhance the emission and performance characteristics of IC engines. Detailed comparisons of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of IC engines using fuels blended with nanoparticles have been done. Nanoparticles were observed to be an oxygen buffer for fuel combustion and boost fuel atomization, thus enhancing engine performance. While alumina exhibited a decrease in levels of HC and CO but a considerable increase in NOx, graphene nanoparticles and ceria were found to be particularly effective in enhancing engine performance. Detailed study has been done on other nanoparticles, including metal‐oxide, nonmetal‐oxide as well as carbon nanoparticles. Overall, the use of nanoparticles can enhance the thermophysical characteristics of fuels, improving the emission and performance characteristics of engines. The review suggests that selecting the right dosage and variety of nanoparticles is crucial for optimizing engine performance, and thus directly helps in tackling the ongoing pollution problem.

Energy security concern and stringent emission legislations norms demand a clean and high fuel conversion efficiency engines. Diesel compression ignition (CI) engines are more preferred over the spark-ignition (SI) engines in commercial applications due to their higher fuel conversion efficiency. Present chapter focuses on the effect of butanol addition in the diesel fuel on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine. Butanol has inimitable properties, which makes it more suitable candidate fuel for diesel engine in comparison to other alcohol fuels such as ethanol and methanol. Combustion characteristics of the engine are analyzed from heat release analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data at different engine operating conditions. Combustion stability is also discussed with respect to diesel engine operation with butanol blends. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics of diesel engine using butanol blends are discussed in this chapter. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of particulate emission (soot particle numbers) in diesel engine with butanol blends.

In-cylinder water injection is a promising approach for reducing NOx and soot emissions from internal combustion engines. It allows one to use a higher compression ratio by reducing engine knock; hence, higher fuel economy and power output can be achieved. However, water injection can also affect engine combustion and emission characteristics if water injection and injector parameters are not properly set. Majority of the previous studies on the water injection are done through experiments. Therefore, subtle aspects of water injection such as in-cylinder interaction of water sprays, spatial distribution of water vapor, and effect on flame propagation are not clearly understood and rarely reported in literature due to experimental limitations. Thus, in the present article, a computational fluid dynamics investigation is carried out to analyze the effects of direct water injection under various injector configurations on water evaporation, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine. The emphasis is given to analyze in-cylinder water spray interactions, flame propagation, water spray droplet size distribution, and water vapor spatial distribution inside the engine cylinder. For the study, the water-to-fuel ratio is varied from 0 to 1. Various water injector configurations using nozzle hole diameters of 0.14, 0.179, and 0.205 mm, along with nozzle holes of 4, 5, 6, and 7, are considered for comparison in addition to the case of no_water. Computational fluid dynamics models used in this study are validated with the available data in literature. From the results, it is found that the emission and performance characteristics of the engine are highly dependent on water evaporation characteristics. Also, the water-to-fuel ratio of 0.6 with 6 number of nozzle holes and the nozzle diameter of 0.14 mm results in the highest indicated mean effective pressure and the lowest NOx, soot, and CO emissions compared to other cases considered.

The present study presented an inclusive analysis of engine exhaust emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biofuel. Biofuel used in this investigation was obtained by steam distillation from pine oil. A single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine was used for this purpose. In this work, performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were analysed. The engine pollutants, namely nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke, were examined. In addition, combustion characteristics like in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were presented. Two engine modification techniques, namely thermal barrier coating and the addition of antioxidant to biofuel, were attempted. The advantage of thermal barrier coating is to reduce heat loss from the engine and convert the accumulated heat into useful piston work. In this work, partially stabilised zirconia was used as the coating material. The usage of antioxidant-treated biofuel in a diesel engine was said to be the prominent approach for NOx emission reduction. Three different antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), were exclusively dissolved at a concentration of 1% by volume with PO fuel. The obtained performance and emission characteristics of the uncoated engine were compared with the thermally coated engine. From the results, it was observed that the PO biofuel may be a promising alternative in the near prospect with the thermal barrier coating technique to enhance the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The PO+TBHQ blend was considered as more beneficial than PO+BHT and PO+BHA on account of its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The effectiveness of the antioxidant was shown in the order of TBHQ>BHA>BHT.

Effect of H2 addition to methanol-gasoline blend on an SI engine at various lambda values and engine loads: A case of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics

Kinetic modeling and experimental study on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a PCCI engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blends

Effect of pilot fuel quantity and fuel injection pressure on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of an automotive diesel engine

An experimental study of performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of an ethanol HCCI engine using water injection

This research work investigates the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a low heat rejection engine operated on diesel and diethyl ether blends. The combustion chamber walls of the diesel engine insulated by ceramic material were referred to as low heat rejection (LHR) engine. In the LHR engine, an improvement in fuel economy would be obtained by recovering the waste heat rejected to the cooling system as useful work. Initially, the diesel fuel was tested in the conventional engine as a baseline reading for comparison. Then the engine was insulated by coating the engine components of the piston crown and the cylinder liner with aluminum titanate using plasma spray method. In this work, the experiments are conducted using diesel and diethyl ether blends in a conventional and low heat rejection engine at constant speed condition. The experimental results indicate that the brake thermal efficiency increases with increased percentage of diethyl ether in the blends. The maximum brake thermal efficiency was found to be 33.24% for LHR engine using diesel-diethyl ether blend (Diesel 85% & Diethyl ether 15% by volume) at full load condition. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon are decreased due to better combustion characteristics and higher NOx emissions are observed with low heat rejection engine (LHR) compared to the conventional engine using diesel and blended fuels.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine adopting graphene nanoplatelets and 10% v / v dimethyl carbonate as fuel additives in a 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel blend. The novel findings are documented in the subsequent sections. The surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets using a lipophilic surfactant was used which gave highest stability in fuel samples which is a main distinctive in this research work. Nanofuels were prepared using 30, 60, and 90 ppm concentrations of nanoparticles through ultrasonication. The behaviour of graphene nanoplatelet was characterized using field emission scanning gun-electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. A diesel engine having uniform speed of 1500 rpm was used for the experiment at various load conditions to assess the engine operating parameters for all the prepared samples, including baseline diesel. It was observed that the combustion characteristics were found to be greatly enhanced, such as cylinder pressure and heat release rate, increased by about 15.45% and 9.63%, respectively, for B30GNP60DMC10 sample than diesel at higher loads. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (elevated by 8.98%) and brake-specific fuel consumption (diminished by 25.54%) have been significantly analyzed and compared to diesel. While the emissions (such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) were found to be reduced by 22.87% and 25.67%, respectively, for B30DMC10, the nitrous oxide and smoke opacity were also reduced by 9.57% and 12.4%, respectively, for the B30GNP60DMC10 sample. Hence, a combining operation of graphene nanoplatelets and dimethyl carbonate additives in a biodiesel blend presented great potential in terms of performance improvement and reduction in emission parameters in diesel engine.