Effect on Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Response to Ketamine Anaesthesia Alongwith Diazepam, Butorphanol and Xylazine in Buffalo Calves

Aim: A toxico-pathological study was undertaken to assess the effects of Methotrexate administration in Wistar rats by performing the hematology, serum biochemical analysis and associated histopathological changes in visceral organs. Materials and Methods: Rats in 4 treatment groups with 6 male and 6 female rats each were administered methotrexate (Group II to IV) at the dose rate of 0.062, 0.125 and 0.250 mg/kg body weight respectively and distilled water (Group I) as vehicle control for 28 days. Hematological parameters viz., total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, MCV, MCH and MCHC, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count and serum biochemical parameters viz., aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, globulin (Calculated) were estimated after 28 days. Necropsy examination was performed in all sacrificed animals and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (lung, liver, kidney, intestine, testes and heart) were collected in 10% formalin solution for histo-pathological examination. Results: The dose dependent reduction in body weight, feed consumption, RBCs count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, neutrophil count, total protein and albumin was observed in animals of group II, III and IV along with significant increase in lymphocyte count, AST, ALT, AKP, creatinine and BUN in animals of methotrexate treated group IV followed by group III. No significant change in monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts were observed in any treatment groups. All the rats exposed to methotrexate at three different dose levels revealed dose dependent pathological changes characterized by degeneration, necrosis, congestion, haemorrhage and vascular changes. The main target organs affected were liver, kidney, lungs and testes. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that sub-acute exposure to methotrexate produced no appreciable changes at recommended 0.062 mg/kg body weight dose level. The findings observed at 0.250 mg/kg body weight methotrexate dose level are of public health significance and regulatory importance due to its hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic character.

An integrated assessment of lead exposure in children: Correlation with biochemical and haematological indices

Badri cattle is the first registered cattle breed of Uttarakhand and reared in the Kumaon and Garhwal regions. The study was undertaken with the objective of establishing the normal reference values of certain haematological and biochemical parameters in Badri cattle maintained at Instructional Dairy Farm of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Healthy animals (40) aged between 4 to 8 years, having good body condition score (BCS) and 200-250 kg body weight were selected randomly and blood samples were collected. The haematological parameters such as haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), Neutrophil: lymphocyte (N: L), and absolute leucocyte count (ALC) were estimated. The biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin (A:G), urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (High density lipoprotein), LDL (Low density lipoprotein), total bilirubin, ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), GGT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase) and CK (Creatinine kinase) were also estimated. The normal haematological and biochemical values established in the present study could be helpful in the diagnosis of certain ailments in Badri cattle and the values would also be useful for academic purposes.

The effect of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, Linn., @100mg/kg bwt.), jute (Corchorus capsularis, Linn., @100 mg/kg bwt.) and Levavet® (levamisole, @ 7.5 mg/kg bwt.) against natural gastrointestinal nematodes were studied in cattle. Their effect on hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC), biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) and clinical parameter (body weight) were also observed. Twenty four (24) naturally parasitized cattle of BAU Dairy Farm, Mymensingh were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six (6) cattle. Water extract of leaves of tobacco and jute were administered orally to the cattle of group A and B, respectively. Cattle of group C were treated with Levavet® orally. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were examined before treatment and on 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day. A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of tobacco (34.32-51.26%), jute (8.80-27.76%) and Levavet®(89.31-100%) in cattle. The EPG count of the control group (D) were significantly (p<0.01) increased up to the last day of experimental period. After treatment with tobacco, jute and Levavet®, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were gradually increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in cattle. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in treated cattle. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were not significantly changed in the cattle. The body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in tobacco, jute and Levavet® treated cattle whereas decreased in control group. It is found that water extracts of tobacco leaves were moderately effective and jute leaves were relatively less effective against mixed gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17108 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 61 - 68, 2008

The experiment was performed on 25 adult mice, (Swiss albino), weighing about 25 gm, maintained on standard pellet diet and drinking water ad libitum. All the mice were randomly divided into five equal groups (5x5). Each group comprised of five mice was marked as group A, B, C, D and E. In the present study an attempt has been taken to study the effect of Garlic and vitamin B-complex in lead induced toxicities in mice with the observation of some parameters as toxic signs and body weight, some haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb%) and Packed cell volume (PCV), some biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase SGPT/ALT, Serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT/AST) and postmortem changes in mice. An attempt was also made to estimate the residual deposition of lead in body tissues i.e. blood, liver, kidney, brain and bone in mice. Mice treated with lead acetate showed severe toxic signs and significantly reduced total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume and significant elevation of SGPT and SGOT. But in case of mice treated by lead acetate along with Garlic and vitamin B-complex showed almost normal levels of haematological and biochemical parameters. From this experiment it is revealed that Garlic and vitamin B-complex has protective and curative effect in lead toxicity. The mean body weight of mice of group B (only lead acetate) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, in comparison with the other treated groups. Lead acetate group also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content was on 42 days of treatment. SGPT and SGOT were significantly elevated in all treated groups in comparison with control group. The liver of the mice of group B were blackish discoloration and enlarged. The significant reduction of lead in blood, liver and kidney was found in group E < C< D in comparison to group B (lead treated). The order of effectiveness was Garlic + Vitamin B- complex > Garlic > Vitamin Bcomplex. Key words: Garlic, vitamin B-complex, lead acetate, mice  doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2337 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 203-210

The objective of the present study was to assess the haematological [haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocytic indices, total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC)] changes and metabolic adjustment, viz. blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and cholesterol, in high-yielding Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows during the transition period. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 8 pregnant Karan Fries crossbred cows and 8 pregnant Sahiwal cows on days -15, -7, 0 (the day of calving), +7 and +15 from calving, and used for estimation of haemoglobin, PCV, TLC, TEC, erythrocytic indices and DLC, and metabolic parameters, such as blood glucose, BUN, NEFA and cholesterol. It was found that haemoglobin concentrations, PCV and TEC increased significantly (P<0.01) up to the day of calving, and gradually decreased thereafter to reach pre-partum levels in the subsequent weeks post-calving. While the TLC, number of neutrophils and monocytes were found to increase (P<0.01), the number of lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.01) on the day of calving and then reached pre-partum levels after calving. No significant effect was observed on erythrocytic indices parameters. Blood glucose, BUN and NEFA levels showed an increasing trend (P<0.01) from 2 weeks pre-partum until the day of calving, and then decreased to the pre-partum level after calving. Unlike the other parameters, the plasma cholesterol level increased consistently from 2 weeks pre-partum to 2 weeks post-partum. In conclusion, the results of our study clearly show a definite pattern of the haematological and metabolic adjustment of high-producing dairy cows during the pre-partum to postpartum transition.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of blood and plasma transfusion on various haematological and biochemical parameters in anaemic calves. Ten apparently malnourished, anaemic calves were selected and divided into two equal groups. Group-A (n = 5) received blood and Group-B received plasma. The pre and post transfusion haematological and biochemical parameters recorded include total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), differential leukocyte count (DLC), Creatinine, ALT, AST and serum electrolytes ( K+, Na+, Cl-) at day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The post transfusion values of TEC, PCV and Hb increased significantly (P< 0.01) in both the groups. However, the values were superior in case of blood transfusion. The changes in TLC and DLC values in both the groups A and B were not significant during the experiment. The mean control values of Creatinine, ALT and AST were found to be increased up to day 14 in calves of both group A and B. However, the changes in these biochemical parameters were not statistically significant and the values remained within the normal range. The changes in the values of the serum electrolytes did not follow any definite pattern during the experimental period but remained within the normal range in both the groups. The whole blood and plasma transfusion was found to upgrade the haematological and biochemical parameters in anaemic calves. The blood and plasma transfusion can be an effective tool for clinical management of anaemic calves.
 Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 153-164

In the present study hematological and biochemical blood parameters of camel calves infected with contagious ecthyma were evaluated. An outbreak of contagious ecthyma occurred in monsoon season in the camel farm of National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner. A total of 42 camels were found to be affected aged between six months to two years. The hematological parameters (hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count and packed cell volume) were compared between 14 infected and 6 non-infected male camels. The biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, iron, urea, magnesium, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin) were compared between 10 infected and 6 non-infected male camels. The hematology revealed no significant difference in any of the hematological parameters except significantly increased lymphocyte percent in contagious ecthyma infected camels compared to non-infected camels, whereas serum biochemical parameters revealed significantly decreased (p<0.05) total protein, globulin and glucose values and significantly increased (p<0.05) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in contagious ecthyma infected camels as compared to non-infected camels.

Aim:The aim of the study was to establish the baseline hematology and serum biochemistry values for Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), and to assess the possible variations in these parameters based on age and gender.Materials and Methods:Hemato-biochemical test reports from a total of 83 healthy leopards, carried out as part of routine health evaluation in Bannerghatta Biological Park and Manikdoh Leopard Rescue Center, were used to establish baseline hematology and serum biochemistry parameters for the subspecies. The hematological parameters considered for the analysis included hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and MCH concentration. The serum biochemistry parameters considered included total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, calcium, and phosphorus.Results:Even though few differences were observed in hematologic and biochemistry values between male and female Indian leopards, the differences were statistically not significant. Effects of age, however, were evident in relation to many hematologic and biochemical parameters. Sub-adults had significantly greater values for Hb, TEC, and TLC compared to adults and geriatric group, whereas they had significantly lower MCV and MCH compared to adults and geriatric group. Among, serum biochemistry parameters the sub-adult age group was observed to have significantly lower values for TP and ALT than adult and geriatric leopards.Conclusion:The study provides a comprehensive analysis of hematologic and biochemical parameters for Indian leopards. Baselines established here will permit better captive management of the subspecies, serve as a guide to assess the health and physiological status of the free ranging leopards, and may contribute valuable information for making effective management decisions during translocation or rehabilitation process.

Objective: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a common organophosphorus pesticide used worldwide for the management of agricultural and household pests. Similarly excessive fluoride (F) ingestion is an important public health problem all over the world due to high fluoride content in groundwater. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in hematological parameters by CPF alone and in conjunction with fluoride and their amelioration by vitamin C and E. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases; in the first phase toxicity was induced by toxicants and in the second phase ameliorative efficacy of vitamins was tested. Results: In the first phase, repeated oral administration of fluoride in drinking water at the dose of 1 and 10 mg/l caused increased monocyte and total leukocyte count (TLC). On the other hand, orally administered CPF (1 mg/kg) resulted in decrease of packed cell volume (PCV) with increase in TLC; in addition, granulocytes and monocytes were significantly increased. CPF at 10 mg/kg significantly decreased PCV and total erythrocyte count (TEC), whereas increase in TLC was observed. Co-administration of fluoride in drinking water (10 mg/l) and CPF via oral gavage (10 mg/kg) for 28 days resulted in decrease of hemoglobin (Hb), PCV, TEC whereas increase in TLC. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) showed a decrease in lymphocyte values but an increase in granulocytes and monocytes. Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of with vitamin C and E along with CPF and fluoride ameliorated various hematological parameters, except TLC, granulocytes and monocytes, induced by co-exposure of CPF and fluoride in Wistar rats.

In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. One&#x0D; such medicinal plant is Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), which is commonly known as castor.&#x0D; All parts of the plant are important phloem, bark, leaves, flowers, seed and oil. The study was&#x0D; conducted on 15 mature rabbitsof either sex of 1-2 kg body weight and 1-2 years old. The animals&#x0D; were divided into three groups of 5 animals each. Animals of group I were exposed orally to ricin&#x0D; extract at a dose rate of 0.5 mg /kg b.wt. daily for 14 days, while those of group II were exposed&#x0D; orally to aqueous leaves extract 0.5mg /kg b.wt daily for 14 day, mean while those of group III&#x0D; were left as a control group not exposed. The dependent parameters in the study were hemoglobin&#x0D; (Hb) concentration, total erythrocytes count, packed cells volume (PCV%), erythrocytes indices&#x0D; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular&#x0D; hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Total and differential leucocytes count (TLC and DLC), in&#x0D; addition to some biochemical tests of blood serum which obtained at day 14th post exposure. The&#x0D; results of the study were revealed that the ricin extract and leaf extract exhibited an effects on&#x0D; hematological pictures as the erythrocytes counts, erythrocytes indices, Hb concentration and&#x0D; PCV% decreased and the obvious effects were in the 14th day. Ricin extract was less effects on&#x0D; many dependent parameters in comparison with aqueous leaf extract. Total leucocytes count,&#x0D; neutrophils % was increased in both ricin and leaf extract, and the increasing were higher in the&#x0D; 7th day in Ricin extract group. The lymphocytes% was decreased. While monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils % did not show any significant changes in all groups. Neutrophil /lymphocyte (N/l), and monocyte /lymphocyte (M/l) increased in both exposed groups. Cholesterol (Chol), Triglyceride (TG)were increased, while total protein (TP)was decreased, Albumin (Alb), Cortisol (Cort), Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)did not changed. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value was increased, while Adenosine phosphatase (AP) value was deceased. In conclusion castor oil due to its content of ricin exhibit an effects on hematological and biochemical parameters that depended in the study, and the leaves extract was higher than seed extract in its effects.

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate hematological alterations induced by oral subchronic exposure to cadmium, imidacloprid, and their combination in buffalo calves. Cadmium exposure produced a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH Concentration (MCHC). There was a significant increase in Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) but it did not produce any change in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Repeated oral administration of imidacloprid produced a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC; however, there was a significant elevation in the levels of ESR and TLC. The combined exposure of cadmium and imidacloprid produced a significant decline in Hb concentration, PCV, TEC, MCV, and MCHC. It produced a significant increase in ESR and TLC, but no changes were observed in the levels of MCH.

Objective: To study, the effect of a homoeopathic medicine Crotalus horridus 200C on ehrlichiosis in dogs in an endemic area of Aizawl district of Mizoram state of India. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of Crotalus horridus 200C against ehrlichiosis dogs. 12 positive cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were divided into two groups comprising six dogs in each group. One group was treated with standard therapy (doxycycline) and other group was treated with Crotalus horridus 200C at 4 pills orally for 20 days. Clinical improvement of affected dogs was recorded after therapy. Important haemato-biochemical parameters before and after therapy such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), platelet count, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and liver-specific enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed following standard protocol. All the parameters were compared with a control healthy group (T3). All experiment dogs were from different age with different breeds and bloods were collected at forenoon only. Results: PCR test yielded 13 dogs positive out of 67 suspected samples screened (19.40%) with an amplification of 387 bp fragment from 16S rRNA gene of E. Canis. Off total positive, only 8 (61.53%) could be detected in peripheral blood smear. Crotalus horridus-treated group of dogs showed clinical recovery from fever and temperature to normalcy by the 14th day posttreatment. Haemato-biochemical profiles of affected dogs such as Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, platelet count, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, BUN, and liver-specific enzymes namely ALT and ALP were turned to normalcy within 21 days of post-treatment. Conclusion: Nested PCR assay had been shown to be sensitive and specific for detection of Ehrlichia canis. Crotalus horridus 200C may be an effective and choice of drug for control of canine ehrlichiosis.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chlorpyriphos, lead acetate and vitamin C alone and in combinations, on various haematological parameters in Wistar rats. Rats of 150–200 g body weight were divided into eight groups of six animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for 98 days. Group C served as control receiving only corn oil, group CP received chlorpyriphos at 5.5 mg/kg in corn oil and group L received lead acetate at100 ppm in water, whereas animals in group CP + L received a combination of chlorpyriphos at 5.5 mg/kg in corn oil and lead acetate at 100 ppm in water. Group VC received vitamin C at 100 mg/kg in water; group CP + VC received a combination of chlorpyriphos at 5.5 mg/kg and vitamin C at 100 mg/kg; group L + VC received lead acetate at 100 ppm in water and vitamin C at 100 mg/kg and group CP + L + VC received chlorpyriphos at 5.5 mg/kg, lead acetate at 100 ppm in water and vitamin C at 100 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 98 post exposure and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count. A significant decrease in TEC, PCV and Hb and a significant increase in ESR values were observed. However, lead acetate caused an increase in TLC while chlorpyriphos resulted in a decrease in TLC. Both of these toxicants potentiated toxicity of each other. The study demonstrated that treatment of chlorpyriphos- and lead-treated rats with vitamin C significantly altered some of the important haematological parameters revealing the protective effect of this vitamin against haematological alterations induced by chlorpyriphos and lead.

Background: Vitamin and mineral supplementation is common practice in both human and animal health, But indiscriminate, overdose and long term used may cause toxicity. The research work was designed to evaluate the effect of iron (Fe) &amp;vitamin B12 (Vit-B12) on body weight, hematological parameters: Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), and biochemical parameters: serum creatinine (SC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in mice. Methods: One-month old 20 female Swiss Albino mice (Rattus norvegicus) having 19.52±0.54 g body weight were divided into four equal groups (n=5). After acclimatization, the mice of group A was treated with Fe@ 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bwt) in pellet, group B was treated with Vit-B12 @ 5 mg/kg bwt, group C was treated with combination of Fe and Vit-B12 and group D was fed with standard pellet and was considered as control. Results: The result showed significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in body weight of treatment groups compared to the control group. The values of TEC, Hb and TLC in the treated groups were increased significantly (P&lt;0.05). ALT, AST and SC values were decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control group. Conclusions: It is concluded that administration of Fe and Vit-B12 significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased body weight and hematological (TEC, Hb, and TLC) parameters however biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) were decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05). In addition, combination of Fe&amp;Vit-B12 showed better effects compared to their single uses.