Abstract
Using woody biomass in thermochemical gasification can be a viable alternative for producing renewable energy. The type of biomass and the process parameters influence the producer gas composition and quality. This paper presents research on the composition of the producer gas from the gasification of three woody biomass species: spruce, alder, and pine. The experiments were conducted in a drop-tube reactor at temperatures of 750, 850, and 950 °C, using air as the gasifying agent, with equivalence ratios of 0.38 and 0.19. Gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector was used to determine the composition of the producer gas, while the production of total organic compounds was detected using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. All three wood species exhibited very similar producer gas composition. The highest concentration of combustible gases was recorded at 950 °C, with an average of 4.1, 20.5, and 4.6 vol% for H2, CO, and CH4, respectively, and a LHV ranging from 4.3–5.1 MJ/m3. The results were in accordance with other gasification studies of woody species. Higher temperatures enhanced the composition of the producer gas by promoting endothermic and exothermic gasification reactions, increasing gas production while lowering solid and tar yields. The highest concentrations of combustible gases were observed with an equivalence ratio of 0.38. Continuous TOC measurement allowed understanding the evolution of the gasification process and the relation between a higher production of TOC and CO as the gasification temperature raised.
Highlights
Three of the most common woody species from Estonian forests were used as feedstocks: Norway spruce, Grey alder, and Scots pine
Woody Biomass Composition position obtained from local woody biomass (WB) samples had nearly the same proximate and elemental Table 2 includes the composition of the Norway spruce, Grey alder, and Scots composition
The experimental study consisted of the gasification of samples at 750, 850, and 950 ◦ C in a drop tube reactor using air as a gasifying agent
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The increasing worldwide energy demand is currently supplied mostly by conventional fossil fuel resources (over 65% of the electricity), which are continuously producing emissions of CO2 and pollutant gases in the atmosphere [1]. Renewable energies propose an alternative solution to meet the current energy needs and mitigate the environmental effects of conventional energies. Different approaches are currently researched and implemented using various renewable resources. These efforts will increase the share of electricity produced from renewables by up to 37–60% [1]. Biomass as a carbon-neutral renewable resource is a promising alternative, currently providing a worldwide total primary energy supply of around 10% [2]
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