Abstract
Background/Introduction: Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe) common vegetable in Asia, is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation. Extant literature indicates that wild bitter gourds have components that activate PPARα and PPARγ. This research probed influence of adding wild bitter gourd to diets on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis.Purpose: This study evaluated influence of eating wild bitter gourd on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis.Methods: We injected intraperitoneal LPS to induce sepsis. Male BALB/c mice were divided normal, sepsis, positive control, and three experimental groups. The latter ate diets with low (1%), moderate (2%), and high (10%) ratios of wild bitter gourd lyophilized powder. Before mice were sacrificed, with the exception of the normal group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced sepsis in each group; positive control group was injected with LPS after PDTC.Results: This experiment revealed weights in groups with added wild bitter gourd starkly lower than those of the remaining groups. Blood lipids (TG, cholesterol, and NEFA) were also lower in comparison to the sepsis group, and blood glucose concentrations recovered and approached normal levels. Blood biochemistry values related to inflammation reactions indicated GOT, GPT, C-RP, and NO concentrations of groups with wild bitter gourd added all lower than that of the sepsis group. Secretion levels of the spleen pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α tallied significantly lower in comparison to the sepsis group, whereas secretion levels of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine increased. Expression level of proteins NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 were inhibited significantly.Conclusion: Wild bitter gourd in diets promoted lipid metabolism, improved low blood glucose in sepsis, and attenuated inflammatory stress. These findings suggested that this plant food might provide medical benefits for certain persons.
Highlights
Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe), a Momordica charantia variety, is consumed as both a vegetable and folk medicine in Taiwan [1,2]
Cytokines TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by a standard curve, concentrations were expressed as g/mL
Fifty microgrammes of protein subjected to 10 % SDS-PAGE was transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (NEN Life Science, Boston, MA), blot immunodetected with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blot kit (Amersham International, Amersham, UK) in which goat anti-mouse COX-2, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- B), inducible nitric oxide synthase and -actin antiserum served as primary antibody (Millipore, MA) and goat anti-rabbit IgG-biotinylated species-specific whole antibody (Calbiochem) was used as secondary antibody
Summary
Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe), a Momordica charantia variety, is consumed as both a vegetable and folk medicine in Taiwan [1,2]. Abbreviate Seringe), a Momordica charantia variety, is consumed as both a vegetable and folk medicine in Taiwan [1,2]. Most noticeable pharmacological property of wild bitter gourd (WBG) is the hypoglycemic activity, used widely in herbal medicine and demonstrated in rodent models [3] and Type 2 diabetic patients [4]. WBG is known to contain numerous components: e.g., alkaloids, steroidal glucosides, phenolics [5], lysophosphatidylcholines [6], conjugated linolenic acid isomers [7], cucurbitane-type triterpenoids [8,9]. WBG is considered more potent in disease prevention than bitter gourd, yet little is known about WBG’s biological and physiological characteristics. Its anti-inflammation property is linked to categorization as a “cooling food” in traditional/folk medicine [10]. Precise mechanisms and well-controlled clinical trials of its anti-inflammation effects have not been completely delineated [11]
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