Abstract
The core objectives of sustainable development are to develop access to renewable, sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective resources. Wind is an essential source of renewable energy, and monopile wind turbines are one method proposed for harnessing wind power. Offshore wind turbines can be vulnerable to earthquakes and liquefaction. This numerical study defined the effects of wind turbine weight on the seismic response of a wind turbine-monopile system located in liquefied multilayered soil with layer thicknesses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 m using four far-field records. OpenSees PL analysis indicated that if the liquefied sand had a lower density or a thickness of more than 10 m, then an increase in the earthquake acceleration beyond 0.4 g caused the pile to float like liquefied soil and to lose its vertical bearing capacity. Moreover, increasing the wind turbine power from 2 to 5 kW had no significant effect on the soil-structure interaction response. As the earthquake acceleration increased, the bending moment of the pile-column also increased as long as liquefaction did not occur and the pile-column deformation remained rotational-spatial in shape. As the acceleration and liquefaction increased and the pile began to float in response to its transverse motion, there was no significant difference in the pile-column displacement along the length, but there was a decrease in the pile-column bending moments. As this phenomenon increased and the pile continued to float, transformation of the pile increased the difference between the displacement of the pile-column along its length and further increased the bending moments. These results were derived from multiple correlation analysis, the bending moment relations, and lateral displacement of the pile-column of the wind turbine.
Highlights
Today, wind is an essential source of energy worldwide
Since wind farms are being widely developed in seismically active regions, the extent to which earthquake loads can increase the structural demand on offshore wind turbines requires investigation. e final outcomes, reported numerically, could be affected by the details of modeling or by the soil-structure interaction, which can have a substantial effect on the performance of such a structure [4, 5]
Results and Discussion e 3D model created in OpenSees PL was used to evaluate sandy soil prone to liquefaction by changing the following parameters: (a) e wind turbine power at 2 kW and 5 kW
Summary
Wind is an essential source of energy worldwide. Wind is a promising source of renewable energy, and wind turbines are increasingly used in offshore areas. Some countries, such as the USA, China, India, and those in southeast Asia, are located in seismically active regions and are adjacent to subduction zones (blue lines in Figure 1), where there is a chance of magnitude M9-class megathrust earthquakes [2]. Is indicates that the earthquake risk is relatively high for newly built offshore wind farms For these types of structures, a reliable design and consistent modeling and assessment methods are highly recommended. Since wind farms are being widely developed in seismically active regions, the extent to which earthquake loads can increase the structural demand on offshore wind turbines requires investigation. e final outcomes, reported numerically, could be affected by the details of modeling or by the soil-structure interaction, which can have a substantial effect on the performance of such a structure [4, 5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
