Abstract
The effects of ultrasonic irradiation, the chelating agent modified Fenton reaction, and a combination of ultrasound and the Fenton method in removing petroleum contaminants from a soil were studied. The results showed that the contaminant removal rate of the Fenton treatment combined with an oxalic acid chelating agent was 55.6 % higher than that without a chelating agent. The average removal rate of the contaminants using the ultrasoundâFenton treatment was 59.0 % higher than that without ultrasonic treatment. A combination of ultrasound and an Fe2+/Fe3+-oxalate complexâmodified Fenton reagent resulted in significantly higher removal rates of n-alkanes (CnH2n+2, n < 28), isoprenoid hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and saturated polycyclic terpenes compared with the ultrasound treatment alone or the Fenton method. The Fenton reaction and the ultrasoundâFenton treatment can unselectively remove multiple components of residual hydrocarbons and a number of benzene rings in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The chemistry of the heterocyclic compounds and the position and number of substituents can affect the degradation process.
Highlights
Crude oil spills, oily wastewater, and oily mud resulting from oil exploration, drilling, refining, and transportation can cause serious soil contamination (Tsai and Kao 2009)
We evaluated the effect of advanced oxidation processing (AOP), including ultrasonication, the modified Fenton reaction with a chelating agent, and an ultrasoundâFenton combination reaction, on the removal of petroleum contaminants from soil, and analyzed the components of residual petroleum hydrocarbons after these treatments using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GC-MS)
At the same time, highspeed micro-jets generated from cavitation can cause friction and dispersion of soil particles (Ning et al 2014), causing the relatively insoluble petroleum molecules to be desorbed from the soil particle surfaces
Summary
Oily wastewater, and oily mud resulting from oil exploration, drilling, refining, and transportation can cause serious soil contamination (Tsai and Kao 2009). Oxalate is a kind of environmentally friendly and nontoxic chelating agent that forms an organic ligand with Fe2+ or Fe3+ It has the advantages of high activity of the iron ion in solution and a low scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radical in the Fenton reaction (Xue et al 2009; Venny et al 2012b). It is regarded as a chelating agent with good developmental prospects for the Fenton reaction to remediate organic polluted soil with a natural soil pH. We evaluated the effect of AOPs, including ultrasonication, the modified Fenton reaction with a chelating agent, and an ultrasoundâFenton combination reaction, on the removal of petroleum contaminants from soil, and analyzed the components of residual petroleum hydrocarbons after these treatments using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GC-MS)
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