Effect of the initial microstructure on the plasma nitriding behavior of AISI M2 high speed steel

Abstract

The nitriding behavior of AISI M2 steel was studied on samples previously submitted to two different heat treatments in order to investigate the effects of the initial microstructure on the thickness and hardness of nitrided layer. Prior to nitriding, one group of samples was fully annealed while the other group was quenched and tempered, thus acquiring the lowest and highest hardness respectively. Plasma nitriding was performed at 450 °C for 8 h with a mixture of N2 and H2 in a plasma reactor working under floating potential. Structural and mechanical properties of nitrided layers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and microhardness testing. Variations in surface roughness were obtained by 3D surface profilometry analysis. The thicker nitrided layer was obtained for the fully annealed samples, in which the nitrided layer is composed of γ′-Fe4N and ε-Fe2–3N phases plus a diffusion zone. For the hardened–tempered samples, the nitrided region mainly consisted of a diffusion zone. Plasma nitriding increased the surface hardness of the fully annealed samples by 330% and that of the quenched–tempered samples by 50%. The nitrided depth was also estimated using cross-sectional microhardness profiles; giving about 140 µm and ∼ 70 µm for the fully annealed and quenched–tempered samples, respectively. Due to the grain to grain nitrogen diffusion, plasma nitriding also increased the surface roughness. The largest roughness was obtained for the fully annealed samples, in accordance with the largest nitrided depth. The difference in the nitriding behavior was explained on the basis of the microstructural aspects of the substrates such as the concentration of the freely dispersed alloying elements and the level of compressive residual stresses.