EFFECT OF SNEAKHEAD FISH SCALE HYDROXYAPATITE AS AN ALTERNATIVE BONE GRAFT MATERIAL ON THE NUMBER OF WISTAR RAT FIBROBLAST

Background: Tooth extraction is the process of removing teeth from the alveolus. It will leave a mark on the socket and surrounding soft tissue. One of the cells that plays an important role in the wound healing process after tooth extraction is fibroblasts. When an injury occurs, some blood vessels are damaged; therefore, new blood vessels need to form. Purple leaves extract could be an alternative treatment for wound healing after tooth extraction as it contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the role of purple leaves extract on the increase in fibroblasts and blood vessels in the socket after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. Methods: The method used was a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only control group design. The samples used were 24 rats divided into two groups: the control group, which was given aquadest, and the treatment group, which was given 1.5 mL of purple leaves extract with 10% concentration by sondage. Tissue preparations were used to count fibroblasts, and blood vessels were counted and observed on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. Results: Statistical tests showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels between the control and treatment groups on days 3, 5, and 7. Conclusion: Purple leaves extract could increase the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the tooth socket after tooth extraction of Wistar rats.

Introduction: Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva and the initial stage of periodontal disease, which, if not treated, will become periodontitis. Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel on the number of neutrophils and fibroblasts in the healing process of gingivitis (in vivo) in Wistar rats. Material and Method: Thirty-six rats were divided into 3 groups: the 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel group, the chlorhexidine gel group, and the placebo gel group. Gingivitis was induced by tying a silk ligation to the subgingival area of ​​the lower incisor for 7 days. 0.05 ml of gel was applied twice a day in the gingivitis area. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7, three rats from each group were decapitated, histological preparations were made with HE staining, and the number of neutrophils and fibroblasts was counted using an Optilab microscope with 400x magnification. Healing assessment was measured based on the decrease in the number of neutrophils or the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the number of neutrophils or fibroblasts on the initial observation day. Results and Discussions: A significant difference in neutrophil counts was found in the 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel group (45.43%) and the placebo gel group (51.67%) on days 3. A significant difference was also found in the number of fibroblast in the 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel group (5410%) and the placebo gel group (4470%) on days 5, and between the 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel group (8463.33%) and the placebo gel group (7953.33%) on days 7. Conclusion: This research concludes that 8% ethyl acetate fractionated coriander seed extract gel can reduce the number of neutrophils and increase the number of fibroblasts in the gingivitis healing process.

Gingivitis may be caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. One of the exogenous factors is caused by chemical compounds such as 35% H2O2, a dental bleaching agent. Dental bleaching is a conservative measure to improve tooth color. This agent may cause inflammation of the mucosa around the teeth like the gingiva. The gingiva may become hyperemic, causing pain and changes in the gingival contour. Treatment of gingivitis basically suppresses inflammatory reactions and speeds the healing process. Histologically, inflammation healing shows an increase in the number of fibroblasts. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of 50% propolis ethanol extract (EEP) in 35% H2O2−induced male Wistar rats. This research was conducted with an experimental design (Randomized posttest only with control group design), consisting of 2 groups, namely the control group and the treatment group. The control group was given aquadest and the treatment group was given propolis ethanol extract with a concentration of 50% topically. The results were analyzed statistically using computer. Mann Whitney U Test showed a significantly higher number of fibroblasts in the treatment group compared to the control group (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the administration of 50% EEP could increase the number of fibroblasts in the healing process of gingival inflammation in 35% H2O2−induced rats.

Background: Physical exercise has been proven to accelerate wound healing. Physical training itself consists of aerobic (continuous training) and anaerobic (interval training) exercise. The effectiveness of continuous physical exercise on post-tooth extraction wound healing is the focus of this study. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences in post-tooth extraction wound healing in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after aerobic and anaerobic exercise based on the number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: the control group (K1); K2 undertook continuous aerobic exercise, swimming at 50% maximum swimming capacity (MSC) with an additional 3% bodyweight load; K3 undertook anaerobic continuous exercise, swimming at 65% MSC with a 6% load. The rats swam three times per week for six weeks. The number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation were examined three days after tooth extraction. Data was analysed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests (p&lt;0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between the K2 and K3 groups. There was no significant difference between K2 and K3 in the amount of neovascularisation. Conclusion: There were differences in the number of fibroblasts but not neovascularisation after tooth extraction in Wistar rats given aerobic and anaerobic continuous training.

BackgroundTooth extraction is a dental procedure for removing a teeth from the alveolar bone socket. The tooth extraction process causes damage to hard tissue and soft tissue, so the body will respond physiologically to heal the wound. The wound healing process is divided into several phases, one of which is the proliferation phase of fibroblasts, which is one of the most important phases in the process of wound healing. Okra fruit contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids that have antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant effects, and can stimulate angiogenesis so to accelerate the process of wound healing.Objectiveto prove that the administration of okra fruit extract can accelerate the process of wound healing after extraction in the teeth of Wistar rats through increased expression of fibroblast cells.Methods18 Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups; control group and treatment group. The treatment group received a 30% okra fruit extract. The number of fibroblasts was calculated statistically using One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD.ResultsThe results showed that the expression of control group fibroblast cells on day 3 (19.00±2.0), day 5 (21.67±2.08), day 7 (24.00±2.00), whereas in the treatment group on day 3 (24.00±1.00), day 5 (29.00±2.00), day 7 (30.00±1.53). Anova test between groups showed a significant difference with P-value 0.006.Conclusion30% okra fruit extract can increase fibroblast expression in wound healing process after extraction of Wistar rat teeth.

Introduction. The healing process of tooth extraction is desired to take place faster to restore the normal tissue. Physical exercise is proven to accelerate wound healing through various physiological mechanisms. Aerobic exercise increases oxygen perfusion which leads to wound healing process. On the other hand, anaerobic exercise stimulates reactive oxygen species and may interfere with the wound healing process.&#x0D; Objective. To observe if there are differences in the effectiveness of wound healing after tooth extraction based on the number of fibroblast and neovascularization in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that performed interval aerobic or anaerobic exercise.&#x0D; Methods. Rats were divided into 3 groups, a control group and two treatment groups which performed the aerobic physical exercise or the anaerobic physical exercise. Fibroblast and neovascularization were calculated 7 days after the tooth extraction. Data were analyzed using Krusskal-Wallis statistical tests.&#x0D; Results. The aerobic exercise group showed the higher number of fibroblasts and neovascularization compared to anaerobic exercise group, while the control group showed the lowest number of fibroblast and neovascularization.&#x0D; Conclusion. This study demonstrated that aerobic physical exercise accelerates wound healing in the proliferation phase better than anaerobic exercise and no exercise.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tooth extraction can cause the damage of hard and soft tissue. When an injury occurs, fibroblast will respond in the wound healing process. Herbal medicines such as green tea and chitosan can be used in wound healing. The polyphenol content in green tea, namely EGCG, has an anti-inflammatory effect, increasing wound healing. In wound healing, chitosan promotes hemostasis and tissue recovery. Based on several previous studies, the use of 1.2% green tea extract was effective for improving wound healing in rat open wound models, chitosan 1% could trigger the proliferation of fibroblasts in the wound healing process after tooth extraction. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of gel mixture of extract Camellia sinensis 1,2% with chitosan 1% on post-tooth extraction wound of Wistar rats. Methods: This was a randomized post-test only control group design using 40 Wistar rats which were randomly divided into 2 groups. Each group underwent intramuscular anesthesia on the rat's thigh and tooth extraction of mandibular left incisor. The treatment group was applied mixed gel of extract Camellia sinensis 1.2% and 1% chitosan as much as 0.01 ml and the control group was not given any treatment, after that decapitated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Result: The mean number of treated fibroblasts was higher than the control group on days 1, 3, 5, 7, respectively, 75.00; 176.00; 349.00 and 427.00 cells. The mean difference in the number of fibroblasts was significant with p-value 0.001 (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Mixed extract gel of Camellia sinensis and chitosan increased fibroblasts in wound healing process after tooth extraction of Wistar rats with the highest mean of fibroblast on the 7th day.Keywords: mixed tea leaves,chitosan, fibroblast,wound healing

Background:Collagen and chitosan are potential biomaterials for medical applications; chitosan-collagen membranes are used as a barrier membrane in guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration.Aims:The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the chitosan-collagen membrane on wound healing in rat mandibular defect by counting the number of fibroblasts and new blood vessels.Materials and Methods:As much as 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, the treatment and control group. Bone defects were made In the rat mandible with diamond bur with a diameter of 2 mm, then the defect was covered with a chitosan-collagen membrane, and the control group was covered without application of chitosan-collagen membrane. After the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and the 21st day, the defect site was analyzed histologically. The number of fibroblasts and blood vessels was counted under a light microscope, at five fields with ×1000 and ×400 microscope magnification.Statistical Analysis Used:This study was done by using analysis of variance and unpaired t-test.Results:The average number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the treatment group was higher than the control group. There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts on the 3rd and 7th day (P = 0.001; P = 0.001) and the number of blood vessels on the 3rd day (P = 0.04).Conclusion:The chitosan-collagen membrane was able to increase the number of fibroblasts and new blood vessels in the wound healing process.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. Burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, and fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that was analyzed from the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on day 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract gel could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

RISKESDAS results in 2018 showed the DMFT (Decay, Missing and Filled Teeth) index of Indonesian people nationally 2.5% in 2013, rising to 57.6% in 2018. The main cells involved in the wound healing process are fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are stem cells that play a role in forming and putting fibers in the matrix, especially collagen fibers. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has several pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiulcus, and antibacterial actions. The content of flavonoids in Curcuma longa, as an immunostimulating substance, then the production of growth hormones such as EGF, TGFα, PDGF, VEGF, FGF, and TGFβ will also increase, so that wound healing can be accelerated. This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) in accelerating wound healing after tooth extraction. This study used 32 male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group given turmeric extract (Curcuma Longa) 45% and the treatment group given turmeric (Curcuma Longa) 90%. The wound healing process was assessed by observing fibroblast tissue on the 5th day after the extraction of Wistar mouse teeth. The results of the Chi-Square Test statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts in the wound healing process in Wistar rats after tooth extraction between the treatment group given turmeric extract (Curcuma Longa) 45% and the treatment group given Turmeric extract (Curcuma Longa) 90% after the 5th day with p-value (0.032)<0.05). Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) is 45% and 90% effective in speeding up the healing time of post-extraction wounds of Wistar mouse teeth. Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) is 90% more effective than turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) 45% in speeding up wound healing time after extraction of rat teeth Wistar because of the flavonoid content in turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) 90% which helps accelerate wound healing higher than turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) 45%.

Background: Tooth extraction is said to be successful when accompanied by a good wound healing process. Innovation for post-tooth extraction wound treatment is necessary. Black cumin has active ingredients that function as anti-inflammatories. The formulation used is nanoemulgel because it has the advantages of stability and good adhesion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of black cumin nanoemulgel on the number of fibroblasts in the wound healing process after tooth extraction in rats. Methods: This study was conducted using post-test only control group design with a total sample of 22 samples divided into 4 groups with each group totaling 5 samples and 2 samples as a drop out. The application is carried out as much as 3 times a day for 5 days. Tissue collection from experimental animals was carried out and then histology preparations were made. Calculations of fibroblast were carried out using hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and carried out in the apical 1/3 of the 3 visual fields with a V pattern. Statistical tests used are the One-Way Anova test and the Post Hoc LSD test. Results: There was significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between groups (p = 0.000). Black cumin nanoemulgel concentration of 15% showed highest number of fibroblasts. Conclusion: Nanoemulgel black cumin (Nigella sativa) 15% can increase the number of fibroblasts in wound healing post tooth extraction in rats. Nanoemulgel black cumin (Nigella sativa) 15% have the potential to accelerate wound healing process by increasing the number of fibroblasts.

Background: Damage to bone tissue resulting from tooth extraction will cause alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, a material for preserving alveolar sockets capable of maintaining bone is required. Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) is a bio-ceramic material that can be used as an alternative material for alveolar socket preservation. The porous and rough surface of HAGP renders it a good medium for osteoblast cells to penetrate and attach themselves to. In general, bone mass is regulated through a remodeling process consisting of two phases, namely; bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Purpose: This research aims to identify the effects of HAGP scaffold application on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as on the width of trabecular bone area in the alveolar sockets of rats. Methods: This research used Posttest Only Control Group Design. There were three research groups, namely: a group with 2.5% HAGP scaffold, a group with 5% HAGP scaffold and a group with 10% HAGP scaffold. The number of samples in each group was six. HAGP scaffold at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% was then mixed with PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The Wistar rats were anesthetized intra-muscularly with 100 mg/ml of ketamine and 20 mg/ml of xylazine base at a ratio of 1:1 with a dose of 0.08-0.2 ml/kgBB. Extraction of the left mandibular incisor was performed before 0.1 ml preservation of HAGP scaffold + PEG material was introduced into the extraction sockets and suturing was performed. 7 days after preparation of the rat bone tissue, an Hematoxilin Eosin staining process was conducted in order that observation under a microscope could be performed. Results: There were significant differences in both the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts between the 2.5% HAGP group, the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p = 0.000). Similarly, significant differences in the width of the trabecular bone area existed between the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group, as well as between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p=0.000). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the width of the trabecular bone area between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 5% HAGP group. Conclusion: The application of HAGP scaffold can reduce osteoclasts, increase osteoblasts and extend the trabecular area in the alveolar bone sockets of rats.

BACKGROUND: Various modalities of wound care in burn cases are offered, but there is no standard algorithm used. Paraffin gauze dressing, as one of the commonly used dressings, is considered to have many shortcomings. Resveratrol, a stilbenoid derived from plants, is reported to have a role in wound healing process, it has the potential to be one of the modalities for treating burns. This study aims to strengthen studies on the role of resveratrol in wound healing process, especially in burns compared with paraffin gauze. AIM: This study conducted to prove that resveratrol gel more superior than paraffin gauze in deep partial thickness burns healing process. METHODS: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only design, simple randomized, and single blind. A sample of 32 Wistar rats with deep partial thickness burns was divided into four control groups and four treatment groups. Control groups were treated using paraffin gauze. Treatment groups were treated using resveratrol gel. Group 1 of each group was assessed for epithelialization. Angiogenesis, fibroblasts, and collagen deposition was assessed on day 5 in Group 2, day 14 in Group 3, and day 21 in Group 4. RESULTS: Angiogenesis was significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group on day 5 and 14 (p = 0.047; 95% CI = 1.23–5.23 and p = 0.032; 95% CI = 0.21–3.28) but not significantly different on day 21 (p = 0.107; 95% CI = −0.43–3.43). The number of fibroblasts in the treatment group was significantly higher on day 5, 14, and 21 (p = 0.004; 0.038; and 0.005; 95% CI = 2.42–17.19; 5.38–16.78; 4.24–15.25). Collagen deposition was not significantly different on day 5 (p = 0.342; 95% CI = −5.65–14.63) but was significantly higher on day 14 and 21 (p = 0.048; 95% CI = 0.11–23.7 and p = 0.002; 95% CI = 10.14–26.57). The epithelialization process occurred earlier in the treatment group than in the control group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Topical administration of resveratrol gel accelerates the epithelialization process, which increases the number of angiogenesis, fibroblasts, and collagen deposition in deep partial thickness burns compared to paraffin gauze.