Abstract
Tanniferous plants represent a promising alternative for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. This experiment evaluated the effects of extracts from the leaf and stem of Anadenanthera colubrina, Leucaena leucocephala and Mimosa tenuiflora on larval exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus in vitro and verified the role of tannins in this process. Third-stage larvae of H. contortus were incubated with extracts for 3 hours and were exposed to sodium hypochlorite solution. The extracts were tested at 300 μg.mL(-1) and accompanied by controls: phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP). The larval exsheathment was evaluated for 60 minutes, and the results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). The six extracts blocked larval exsheathment. After PVPP addition, a tannin inhibitor, the exsheathment percentage was similar to the PBS (p > 0.05), except for L. leucocephala and M. tenuiflora leaf extracts. However, pre-incubation with PVPP of these two extracts significantly changed larval exsheathment when compared to the non-treated extracts (p < 0.05). These results suggest that A. colubrina, L. leucocephala and M. tenuiflora could be useful in gastrointestinal nematode control and that tannins are probably the main compounds involved in the observed effects. However, in vivo and toxicological studies should be conducted.
Highlights
Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism remains one of the main threats to the farming of small ruminants in tropical countries
This experiment evaluated the effects of extracts from the leaf and stem of Anadenanthera colubrina, Leucaena leucocephala and Mimosa tenuiflora on larval exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus in vitro and verified the role of tannins in this process
After polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) addition, a tannin inhibitor, the exsheathment percentage was similar to the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (p > 0.05), except for L. leucocephala and M. tenuiflora leaf extracts
Summary
Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism remains one of the main threats to the farming of small ruminants in tropical countries. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most significant species because of its high prevalence and pathogenicity (HOUNZANGBEADOTE et al, 2005). Control of these parasites has been based on the administration of synthetic anthelmintics. An alternative for control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites that is being researched is the use of tanniferous plants. In many small ruminant production systems, cultivated forage plants are not the main feed source because browser plants (bushes, trees or shrubs) contribute significantly to the nutrition of these animals during a prolonged dry period (MANOLARAKI et al, 2010), which occurs in tropical countries (SANON et al, 2008)
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