Effect of Selenium-Supplemented Diets on Hatching Performance and Selenium Retention in Japanese Quails

BackgroundSelenium (Se) has been recognized as an essential micronutrient for nearly all forms of life. In recent decades, broiler responses to dietary Se supplemental levels and sources have received considerable attention. On environmental grounds, organic trace mineral utilization in practical broiler feeds has been defended due to its higher bioavailability. In such feeds, trace minerals are provided simultaneously in the same supplement as inorganic salts or organic chelates, a fact commonly ignored in assays conducted to validate organic trace mineral sources. The current assay aimed to investigate growth and biochemical responses, as well as Se retention of growing chicks fed diets supplemented with organic and inorganic Se levels and where the trace minerals (zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) were provided as organic chelates or inorganic salts according to Se source assessed. In so doing, a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement was used to investigate the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and selenium-yeast (SY) supplemented in feeds to provide the levels of 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, and 0.32 mg Se/kg.ResultsChicks fed selenium-yeast diets had body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG) maximized at 0.133 and 0.130 mg Se/kg, respectively. Both Se sources linearly increased (P < 0.05) the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in chick blood but higher values were observed in sodium selenite fed chicks (P < 0.05). Both Se sources influenced thyroid hormone serum concentrations (P < 0.05). Chicks fed SY exhibited greater retention of Se in the feathers (P < 0.05). Relative bioavailability of selenium yeast compared with SS for the Se content in carcass, feathers, total and Se retention were, 126, 116, 125 and 125%, respectively. SY supplementation resulted in lower liver Se concentration as Se supplementation increased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on performance traits, the supplemental level of organic Se as SY in organic trace minerals supplement to support the maximal growth of broiler chicks is 0.133 mg Se/kg.

Preparation, characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides and proteins-capped selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass traits, yield and meat quality of broiler s supplemented with organic selenium (selenium yeast) in total replacement to sodium selenite in the diets. A total of 704 male Cobb chicks, one day old, were randomly allotted in 32 boxes, which one with 22 animals, in a total of 16 replicates per treatment. The diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal and different sources of selenium. The treatments consisted of selenium in the inorganic form (sodium selenite, SS) and in an organic form (selenium yeast, SY) supplementation. At 42 days old, 64 birds per treatment were slaughtered and carcass traits, yields and meat quality were evaluated. SY group showed lower back yield in comparison with SS group. Breast yield was slighted higher in SY group, however, no statisti c differences were found. Meat quality and traits were not influenced by dietary treatments. Total replacement of sodium selenite by selenium yeast in broilers diets reduces back yields, a non prime cut in chicke n carcass. Sodium selenite can be totally replaced by selenium yeast without affecting broiler meat quality and traits.

Selenium (Se) is one of the essential elements required to maintain human health. Although various kinds of Se supplements are now available on the market, their biological activities and toxicities vary based on the transportation characteristics of Se. In this study, we compared the absorption and distribution of Se in rats administered with different Se supplements: Se-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 (Se-DD98), selenized yeast (Se-Y), and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Se-DD98, Se-Y, and Na2SeO3 were orally administered to rats. The plasma Se content at different time points after administration was determined within 72h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed to reveal the absorption of Se. Se-DD98, Se-Y, and Na2SeO3 were also repeatedly administered by oral gavage for 30days, and Se content of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and muscle was determined to analyze the distribution of Se. The results showed that the organic Se supplements (Se-DD98 and Se-Y) were more easily absorbed into the blood and retained longer in the plasma than the inorganic Na2SeO3 was. Moreover, Se-DD98 induced better absorption of Se in plasma than Se-Y did. Furthermore, significantly higher concentrations of Se were found in the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and muscle of rats administered with organic Se supplements (Se-DD98 and Se-Y) than those administered the inorganic Na2SeO3. Rats administered Se-DD98 accumulated more Se in the spleen, lung, and kidney than those administered Se-Y, while Se-Y led to higher concentration of Se in the liver compared to Se-DD98. These results suggest that the organic form of Se was better absorbed and accumulated than the inorganic form was. Se-enriched B. longum DD98 induced greater absorption of Se in plasma and accumulation of Se in several organs than the selenized yeast did, which could suggest the potential superior nutritional function of Se-DD98.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of ingested selenium (Se) yeast in laying hens and its effects on performance, eggshell quality, and tissue Se distribution. Forty-eight ISA brown laying hens were divided into 3 treatment groups: Group C, fed a basal diet containing 0.11 mg Se/kg of feed; Group SS, fed a basal diet plus 0.4 mg/kg of feed of Se from sodium selenite; and Group SY, fed a basal diet plus 0.4 mg/kg of feed of Se from selenium yeast. Feed intake, egg mass ratio, and production performance were not affected by Se supplementation, regardless of the Se source. Egg weight (+3.61% and +2.95%), eggshell weight (+4.26% and +5.38%), and eggshell surface (+2.43% and +1.96%) were higher (P<0.05) in SS and SY than C, whereas breaking strength was increased in SY (P<0.01). Breast muscle, liver and skin Se levels were higher in SY than in C, while kidney Se content was higher in SS hens. Eggs from SY had higher Se levels than SS. Blood metabolites were not affected in SS or SY groups than C. A higher Se level was detected in eggs and breast muscle of SY hens (P<0.05). Seleniumenriched eggs and edible tissues from organic Se sources in poultry diet could improve antioxidant status in humans and reduce possible Se deficiency-related diseases.

The effects of selenium on poultry health and reproduction have been extensively studied using inorganic sodium selenite (SS). However, limited research has been done on organic selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). This study aimed to compare Se-NPs and SS on productivity, egg quality, reproductive performance, and male sexual behavior in Japanese quails. A total of 480 quails (8 weeks old) were assigned to 5 different experimental groups (96 birds in each group) with six replicates (pens) sex ratio 1 male: 3 females. One group was designated as control (fed by basal diet), whereas two groups were fed with different levels of Se-NPs (0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg), and two groups with SS (0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg). The trial lasted for 9 weeks. The highest productive performance was observed in quails supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg Se-NPs (p < 0.05). Quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs had the highest egg weight (p < 0.05). The highest shape and albumen index were identified in the group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs (p < 0.05). However, the highest shell ratio, yolk ratio, yolk index, and Haugh unit were determined in the group supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg Se-NPs (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with 0.4 mg Se-NPs/kg had the highest fertility and hatchability, with the lowest embryo mortality. The group with 0.4 mg Se-NPs/kg exhibited the highest level of sexual behavior (wing flapping, waltzing, mounting, tidbitting, rear approach, treading). It was concluded that the supplementation of Se-NPs enhanced productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, and male sexual behavior compared to the supplementation of SS.

Differentiated thyroid cancer and selenium supplements for protection of salivary glands from 131I treatment.

Effect of either sodium selenite or Se–yeast supplementation on selenium status and milk characteristics in dairy goats

Effects of sodium selenite, selenium methionine, and selenium yeast on growth performance, carcass composition, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of intensively reared Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary selenium (nanoparticles, organic, and inorganic forms), curcumin (CUR), and their combination on survival, growth performance, body composition, innate immune responses, and glutathione peroxidase activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CUR at level of 400mg/kg dry diet and each of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), organic selenium (Sel-Plax®), and sodium selenite at level of 1mg/kg Se dry diet were added to basal diet. A total of 240 rainbow trout with mean initial weight of 14.65 ± 0.86g were fed eight diets including control (basal diet), CUR, Se-NPs, Se-NPs + CUR, organic Se, organic Se + CUR, sodium Se, and sodium Se + CUR for 8weeks. No significant increase in survival rate, growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition was observed in fish-fed CUR and Se included diets compared to control (P > 0.05). The highest lysozyme and alternative hemolytic complement activity was observed in fish-fed CUR and organic Se + CUR-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Fish-fed Se-NPs and Se-NPs + CUR-supplemented diets had the highest glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05). The results of the present study indicated that the combination of CUR and Se in nanoparticles and organic forms was more effective in promoting innate immune responses of rainbow trout compared to the other combined or separated Se and CUR forms.

Selenium is an essential mineral naturally found in soil, water, and some of the food and is required as essential elements in human and animal body. Se supplementation is required especially for those having Se deficiency. Food supplement of selenium has several forms such as selenocysteine, selenite, selenomethionine, and selenate. Recently, Se supplement as selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained worldwide attention due to its bioactivities and properties. In the present study, we determined the potential hepatotoxicity of nano and bulk selenium using low and high doses in mice. Twenty-five Swiss albino mice (n=5) were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated orally for 28 days: Group 1: sterile saline (0.9%) as a control; Group 2: sodium selenite (1mg/kg); Group 3: sodium selenite (4mg/kg); Group 4: selenium nanoparticles (1mg/kg); and Group 5: selenium nanoparticles (4mg/kg). Administration of nano-selenium (70-90 nm) led to an increase in the activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST), while no significant effects were noted on biochemical variables indicative of changes in heme synthesis pathway and oxidative stress like blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde assay (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared to controls, and a high dose of sodium selenite. Our results suggest that nano-selenium at low dose (1mg/kg) exhibited antioxidant effects in the liver compared to the high dose (4mg/kg) of SeNPs and sodium selenite (1 and 4 mg/kg). The data from the present study might be useful for pharmacologists and toxicologists in providing future directions while designing selenium-based therapeutic strategies.

Comprehensive studies have been conducted to compare the effect of organic and inorganic selenium previously, but there is still limited knowledge about the difference between organic selenium (Se) from varied sources despite the widely use of organic Se in both animal and human being nutrient additives. In the present study, we systemically compared the effect of two different types of organic Se including selenium yeast (SeY) and selenium methionine (Sel-Met) on cell viability, selenoprotein transcriptome, and antioxidant status in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) and the results indicated that appropriate addition of SeY and Sel-Met both significantly promoted cell viability and up-regulated the mRNA expression of most selenopreoteins including DIOs, GPXs, and TrxRs family et al. (P < 0.05). Besides, two different sources of Se supplementation both greatly improved redox status with higher levels of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT (P < 0.05), while less content of MDA (P < 0.05), and reduced protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3 (P < 0.05) to mitigate cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the key proteins related to p38/JNK pathway including p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK were apparently reduced in the groups with both of SeY and Sel-Met (P < 0.05). Interestingly we found that the changes induced by SeY supplementation in cell viability, selenoprotein transcriptome, antioxidative capacity, and anti-apoptosis were comprehensively greater compared with same levels addition of Sel-Met in PEMCs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both SeY and Sel-Met promoted cell viability and attenuated cell apoptosis by regulating the selenoprotein expression and antioxidative capacity via p38/JNK signaling pathway in PMEC, but SeY has more efficient benefits than that of Sel-Met.

The aim of the study was to compare effects of two levels of selenium yeast (SY) and sodium selenite (SS) supplementation on blood, colostrum and milk Se levels, blood chemistry parameters in dairy cows under field conditions. The study included 36 Holstein cows from 5 weeks prepartum to 12 weeks postpartum. The cows were divided into 4 treatments (n = 9): 1. Negative Control (NC) – no Se supplement ; 2. Positive Control (PC) – 0.3 ppm Se (from sodium selenite) ; 3. S1 – 0.3 ppm Se (from selenium yeast – SELSAF ® , Lesaffre Feed Additives, France ) ; 4 . S2 – 5 ppm Se ( SELSAF ® , Lesaffre Feed Additives, France ). At 5 and 1 weeks prepartum, on the calving day, and 4, 8, 12 weeks postpartum, blood samples were taken . Colostrum and milk were collected on the calving day and 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum and analysed for Se content. Initial Se status in all the cows was marginal. Negative Control cows showed suboptimal blood Se levels for the whole period under study. S1 and S2 showed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher values than NC and PC cows. Colostrum Se levels were significantly higher in S1 (128.17 ug/L) and S2 (155.58 ug/L) than in NC (94.68 ug/L) and PC (99.3 ug/L) cows. Overall mean milk Se levels in S1 (20.4 ug/L) and S2 (50.0 ug/L) were higher than in NC (10.9 ug/L) and PC (16.6 ug/L). Biochemical indicators of blood did not significantly differ between the treatments and were within the physiological ranges. Se levels in whole blood, colostrum and milk, and GSH-Px activity were significantly increased by selenium yeast supplementation. The response was dose dependent and consistent. Selenium from organic source was more bioavailable than selenium from sodium selenite. Dietary Se at a tolerance dose (5 ppm) had no detrimental effect on the blood chemistry parameters analysed.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the accumulation and retention of organic and inorganic selenium in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. Selenium accumulation was investigated after oral treatment (3.0 mg Se/L drinking water) or ip injection (1.7 mg Se/kg body wt) of rats exposed to 75-Se L-selenomethionine (SeMeth) or sodium selenite (NaSe). Significant higher concentrations were observed after exposure to organic compared to inorganic selenium after oral as well as ip administration. Highest concentrations in both experiments were observed in cerebellum followed by the nearly identical levels in the cerebral hemisphere and spinal cord independent of the chemical form of selenium or the route of administration. The difference in concentrations observed between the different parts of the CNS investigated in each group were, however, not significant. Retention of selenium in the CNS was investigated after a single ip injection (1.7 mg Se/kg body wt) of 75-Se SeMeth or NaSe. In both groups, we observed an initial fast excretion phase followed by a slower excretion phase resembling a first-order reaction. Organic selenium disappeared much slower from all parts of the central nervous system compared to NaSe after a single injection.

The chicken egg is one of nature’s flawlessly preserved biological products, recognized as an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-element that plays a key role in biological processes. Organic selenium can be produced biologically by the microbial reduction of inorganic Se (sodium selenite). Therefore, the possibility of integrating Se enriched bacteria as a supplement in poultry feed can provide an interesting source of organic Se, thereby offering health-related advantages to humans. In this study, bacterial selenoproteins from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used as a dietary supplement with other Se sources in Lohman brown Classic laying hens to study the egg yolk color, egg yolk and breast antioxidant profile, oxidative stability, and storage effect for fresh and stored egg yolk at 4 ± 2 °C for 14-days. The results showed that dietary Se supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved egg yolk color, the antioxidant profile of egg yolk, and breast meat (total carotenoid and phenol content). When the Se treated groups were compared to control groups, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol in fresh and stored egg yolk and breast muscle. In hens that were fed ADS18-Se, the primary oxidation products (MDA) concentrations in the eggs, breast, and thigh muscle, and plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. However, the MDA content increased (p < 0.05) with an extended storage time in egg yolk. In comparison to inorganic Se and basal diets, egg yolk from hens fed organic Se remained fresh for two weeks. The egg yolk color, antioxidant profile, and oxidative status of egg yolk and tissue improve with dietary Se organic supplementation (ADS18 > Se-Yeast). The source of supplemented organic Se is critical for egg enrichment and antioxidant properties. As a result, ‘‘functional eggs’’ enriched with organic Se becomes possible to produce.