Abstract
This research was conducted in order to evaluation the salinity stress effect on growth parameters and stem anatomical changes of soybean grown under controlled conditions. Soybean seeds were surface sterilized and then sown into plastic pots filled up with perlite and vermiculite. Seeds were irrigated with Broughton and Dilworth solution daily. At full folded cotyledons stage (5 day after sowing), salinity stress was induced by adding NaCl into nutrition solution with final concentration of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM. Thirty days after sowing plants were harvested and growth parameters and anatomical changes were evaluated. The results showed that, salinity stress was significantly decreased shoot and root weight either fresh weight or dry weight, in addition, total plant weight, plant height and leaf number were decreased due to salinity stress. Interestingly, leaf area was not affected by salinity stress. Stem microscopic study demonstrated that, salinity stress significantly increased cutin mass and trichome density on epidermal cells. On the other hand, cortex thickness was decreased because of salinity stress while xylem thickness had upward increase when soybean plants were grown under salinity stress especially high level of salinity. Additionally, there were changed in xylem formation and arrangement in stressed plants.
Highlights
One of the most widespread agricultural problems in arid and semiarid regions is soil salinity, which makes fields unproductive and decreases crop yield
The objectives of this study were to determine whether these traits were affected differently when the soybean plants were grown under salinity stress
The inoculant was produced by culturing B. japonicum in yeast extract-mannitol broth (YMB) in 250 ml flasks shaken at 150 rpm at 28°C
Summary
One of the most widespread agricultural problems in arid and semiarid regions is soil salinity, which makes fields unproductive and decreases crop yield. The concentration of the salts determines whether the water is of high quality or of low quality. Salinity becomes a concern when an excessive amount or concentration of soluble salts occurs in the soil or water. It is evident that there are big changes in morphology and anatomy of plants growing in saline soils. The effect of salinity on root (An et al, 2003) and leaf anatomy (Hu and Schmidhalter, 2001; Kiliç et al, 2007) of plants had already been reported in previous works. Many researchers reported that with an increase in salinity there was a decrease in the development of the xylem. Salinity reduces development of vascular tissue (Belda and Ho, 1993), increases trichome density and decreases or has no effect on stomatal density (Ludders and Kaminski, 1991)
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