Abstract
In this study, micro propagation of two Iranian fenugreek populations and their morphological and biochemical responses to salinity and drought stresses in in vitro culture condition were conducted using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in three replications. Different explant type (terminal bud, cotyledon and epicotyledon explant) were cultured in MS medium contain different concentration of plant growth regulators such as kin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg / l) and 2,4-D (0.5, 1 and 2 mg / l). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l 2,4-D showed the highest callus proliferation rate per explants in both populations. The highest amount of callus volume was obtained from the explants of the terminal bud. Proliferated calli from terminal bud explant were green and yellowish, from cotyledon were yellowish to white with soft texture, and the cotyledons were greenish and compact. The results of salinity stresses with different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 70 and 120 mM) and drought stress with polyethylene glycol (0, 5 and 10%) showed that both stresses decreased callus growth and increased total protein, proline, catalase, peroxidase and trigonelin content in both populations. Trigonelin measurement showed that ‘Borazjan’ papulation had higher trigonelin content, in vitro, than ‘Ardestan’ papulation.
Highlights
One of the severely detrimental factors to the growth and yield of the all crops around the world is drought and salinity stress
This study aimed to study the effect of salinity and drought stress on morphological, biochemical and quantitative and qualitative properties of secondary fenugreek metabolites due to the nutritional and medicinal value of fenugreek in Bushehr province in tissue culture system was performed
In vitro tissue culture could be an important means of improving crop tolerance and yield through genetic transformation as well as by induced soma clonal variation
Summary
One of the severely detrimental factors to the growth and yield of the all crops around the world is drought and salinity stress. All plants during ontogeny, have different interaction with its surrounding environment; they come in contact with different abiotic components like water, light, temperature, soil and chemicals (Anjum et al, 2011). (fenugreek) belongs to the Leguminosae family (Rezaian et al, 2011) it is used as forage, vegetable, medicinal plant and for some preservative purposes. Fenugreek root, seed, and shoot are an important metabolite source such as trigonelin, diosgenin, neotycogenin and yamogenin and have high demand in the steroid industry (Esmaeil and Rezaeinodehi, 2014). Received in revised form: 14 Feb 2021. From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal uses article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers
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