Abstract
The effect of graded doses of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), gastrin-17, pentagastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-4, CCK-8, neurotensin, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the substance P (SP)-stimulated lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in anaesthetized pigs was studied by direct infusion of the peptides into the arterial supply of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Infusion of SP in a dose of 20 pmol/kg per min for 3 min significantly increased the LESP ( P < 0.01). Simultaneous VIP infusion at 5–40 pmol/kg per min showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of SP on the LESP. None of the other peptides had any effect on the LESP during simultaneous infusion of SP. Pharmacological blockade by atropine (250 μ/kg) or guanethidine (1 mg/kg) had no effect on the SP-stimulated LESP. In conclusion, the SP-induced stimulation of the LESP is abolished by VIP, and both peptides seem to play a role in the complex regulation of the LESP.
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