Effect of Receptive Music Therapy on Stress and Coping Strategies among Patients with Schizophrenia

Music Therapy for Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Study.

This study responds to the current demand for evidence of the effectiveness of music therapy in adult psychiatric care and rehabilitation. The qualitative, idiographic, and user-based perspective of the study also responds to the growing requirement that ‘‘evidence-based practice’’ take into account patients’ needs, experiences, and evaluations of services. The study is based on verbal data from 19 patients with chronic mental health problems who completed at least 10 individual sessions of professional music therapy in a London mental health unit. In-depth analysis of semistructured interviews using interpretive phenomenological anal- ysis elicits patients’ experiences of the process of music therapy and its varied benefits for them in relation to their symptoms, coping strategies, and overall quality of life. The data suggest how the approach to music therapy taken in this situation often works in relation to users’ long-standing relationship to music, as expressed through their ‘‘music-health-illness narratives.’’ Participation in music therapy has benefits in itself but can also help reestablish patients’ ongoing use of music as a health- promoting resource and coping strategy in their lives. Keywords music therapy, music improvisation, adult psychiatry, rehabilitation, evidence

Mood disorder and depressive syndromes represent a common comorbid condition in neurological disorders with a prevalence rate that ranges between 20% and 50% of patients with stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Notwithstanding, these conditions are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in the clinical practice and negatively affect the functional recovery, the adherence to treatment, the quality of life, and even the mortality risk. In addition, a bidirectional association between depression and neurological disorders may be possible being that depressive syndromes may be considered as a risk factor for certain neurological diseases. Despite the large amount of evidence regarding the effects of music therapy (MT) and other musical interventions on different aspects of neurological disorders, no updated article reviewing outcomes such as mood, emotions, depression, activity of daily living and so on is actually available; for this reason, little is known about the effectiveness of music and MT on these important outcomes in neurological patients. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the current literature on musical interventions and their effects on mood and depression in patients with neurological disorders. Searching on PubMed and PsycInfo databases, 25 studies corresponding to the inclusion criteria have been selected; 11 of them assess the effects of music or MT in Dementia, 9 explore the efficacy on patients with Stroke, and 5 regard other neurological diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Chronic quadriplegia, Parkinson's Disease, and Acquired Brain dysfunctions. Selected studies are based on relational and rehabilitative music therapy approaches or concern music listening interventions. Most of the studies support the efficacy of MT and other musical interventions on mood, depressive syndromes, and quality of life on neurological patients.

Background: Labor pain is an uncomfortable feeling during the labor process, which causes a reduction in uterine contractions, uteroplacental circulation, blood flow, and oxygen to the uterus, and causes uterine ischemia, which makes the pain impulses increase. Aromatherapy and music therapy are non-pharmacological pain management that can be given to postpartum mothers during labor that helps reduce pain. In addition, they can provide a calming sensation for the self and the brain and the stress they feel. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of aromatherapy and music therapy in reducing labor pain in the first stage of labor. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic study. The articles used were obtained from ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The research subjects were mothers who gave birth in the first stage. The treatment provided was aromatherapy and music therapy. The articles used were articles presented in English, in full text with a Randomized Controlled Trial design. The research problems of PICO were as follows: Population= mothers giving birth, Inter­vention= giving aromatherapy and music therapy, Comparation= not being given aroma­therapy and music therapy, Outcome= reducing labor pain. The study analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 with Random Effect Model. Results: Analysis of 9 articles on the effectiveness of aromatherapy on reducing labor pain showed that aromatherapy reduced labor pain (SMD= -0.85; 95% CI -1.14 to -0.31), and it was statistically signi­ficant (p<0.001). Analysis of 9 articles on the effectiveness of music therapy on reducing labor pain showed that music therapy reduced labor pain (SMD= -1.14; 95% CI -2.18 to -0.09), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Aromatherapy and music therapy effectively reduce labor pain in women giving birth in the first stage. Keywords: aromatherapy, music therapy, labor pain Correspondence: Uswatun Hasanah. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: uusuusuus0@gmail.com. Mobile: 085647582541. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2021), 06(03): 295-306 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.03.04

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease which requires long-term rehabilitation. Several types of social rehabilitation group have been established, including social skills training, coping-with-stress training, occupational therapy, art therapy, music therapy, and entertainment therapy. Of these therapies, music therapy has shown significant effects in treating schizophrenia. Aims and Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of group music therapy on psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and also to assess the global functioning postmusic therapy. Methodology: Sixty patients admitted with schizophrenia from DIMHANS, Dharwad, in a tertiary psychiatric care hospital, was taken for study. Thirty patients were assigned to the music therapy group and 30 to standard treatment group. Positive and negative symptoms along with global functioning in schizophrenia patients assessed by SAPS,SANS and GAF scales respectively thrice, before(pre), after(post)music therapy and post 1 month of music therapy. Results: Significant difference between music therapy group and standard therapy group seen, in post music therapy sessions. Conclusion: This is a pilot study done in DIMHANS Dharwad, one of few studies done in India to see the effectiveness of music therapy on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia along with assessing the effectiveness of music therapy on global functioning. This study showed there is positive and additive effect of music therapy on schizophrenia patients along with standard therapy, rather than standard therapy alone. Hence, along with standard therapy, music therapy should also be added to the treatment of schizophrenia patients for better outcome.

Unbuffered stress levels may negatively influence preterm-infants’ autonomic nervous system (ANS) maturation, thus affecting neurobehavior and psycho-emotional development. Music therapy (MT) is an evidence-based treatment modality in neonatal care. When coupled with skin-to-skin care (SSC), it may reduce stress responses in both preterm infants and their parents and enhance family-centered care. Accordingly, we aimed to compare the effects of combined MT and SSC and SSC alone on ANS stabilization in preterm infants. In a single-center, cluster-randomized trial design, ten two-month time-clusters were randomized to either combined MT and SSC or SSC alone. Families of preterm infants were offered two sessions of the allocated condition in the NICU, and a three-month follow up session at home. The primary outcome variable was stabilization of the ANS, defined by change in the high frequency (HF) power of heart rate variability (HRV) during the second session. Secondary outcomes included other HRV measures, parent–infant attachment, and parental anxiety at each session. Sixty-eight families were included. MT combined with SSC improved infants’ ANS stability, as indicated by a greater increase in HF power during MT compared to SSC alone (mean difference 5.19 m2/Hz, SE = 1.27, p < 0.001) (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 2.05). Most secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the study groups. MT contributes to preterm-infants’ autonomic stability, thus laying an important foundation for neuro-behavioral and psycho-emotional development. Studies evaluating longer-term effects of MT on preterm infants’ development are warranted.

The general response that occurs when hospitalized children included regression, anxiety separation, apathy, fear, and sleep disorders. One method for improving sleep was music therapy. This research aimed to prove the effect of classical music therapy on sleep disorders at children who have experienced hospitalization at Sakinah Islamic Hospital, Mojokerto Regency. This research design was pre-experimental with one group pretest-post test design approach. The population at this research were all children who experienced hospitalization at Sakinah Islamic Hospital at Mojokerto Regency on February 26th-March 21th 2019 as many as 43 children. The sampling technique of this research was purposive sampling. The sample size that met the research criteria were 30 children. The research instrument used SOP music therapy and questionnaires. The results of this research suggested that before being given music therapy almost all respondents had lacked sleep needs as many as 23 respondents (76.7%), and after being given music therapy almost entirely had equal sleep needs as many as 26 respondents (86.7%). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test suggested that pvalue = 0,000 or &lt;α (0,05), which meant that there was an effect of music therapy on sleep disorders at children who have been hospitalized at Sakinah Islamic Hospital Mojokerto Regency. Music therapy would provide a relaxing effect where when children like music would stimulate endorphins to provide a sense of calm and easier to sleep.

Background: Previous meta-analysis provided some evidence that music therapy (MT) is more effective than standard care for improving social interaction, non-verbal and verbal communication, initiating behaviour, social-emotional reciprocity, social adaptation and parent–child relationships.Methods: Children (4;0–6;11 years) with autism spectrum disorders were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: low-intensity MT (once per week), high-intensity MT (three times per week) or standard care over a period of five months. The effect of MT was measured using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Social Responsiveness Scale and visual analogue scales for quality of life at baseline, 2, 5 and 12 months. Analysis was done by intention-to-treat.Results: About 364 children with autism spectrum disorders were recruited in nine countries (Australia, Austria, Brazil, Israel, Italy, Korea, Norway, UK and USA). MT was well accepted by the participants, as indicated by high follow-up rates. Effects of MT on autis...

P-444 - The effectiveness of group music therapy to improve depression and cognition status in elderly persons with dementia

Objective To systematically review the effect of the music therapy on physiology and anxiety state in the mechanical ventilation patients .Methods The databases including the PubMed , Cochrane Library, EMbase, Google, CBM, VIP, CNKI, EMbase and WanFang Data were searched from January 1998 to June 2013.The randomized controlled trails （RCTs） of the music therapy on physiology and anxiety state in the mechanical ventilation patients were chosen , and at the same time the related references in the literatures were also searched .The literatures were chosen according to the determined criteria , and the literature quality was assessed by the GRADEprofiler3.6 recommended by the GRADE system.The data was collected, and the Meta-analysis was carried out through the RevMan 5.2.Results A total of seven studies were included in this analysis.The analysis showed that the differences were found in the heart rate , respiration, systolic blood pressure and anxiety state between two groups after the intervention [WMD（95%CI） =-4.08（ -5.36,-2.79）,-2.50（-3.06,-1.94）,-5.45（ -9.52,-1.38）,-0.66（ -1.24,-0.07）, respectively], and no differences were found in the diastolic blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation [WMD（95%CI） =-1.76（-5.65,2.13）,-0.01 （ -3.53,3.51）, respectively].Conclusions The music therapy can effectively improve the heart rate , respiration, systolic blood pressure and anxiety state in the patients , and the effects on diastolic blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation in the patients are not significant .The large-sample, high-quality and standard RCTs should be further carry out so as to test the effect of music therapy in view of the low methodological quality in some included studies . Key words: Music therapy; Mechanical ventilation; Physiology; Anxiety state; Meta-analysis

There is a need for research that explores the effects of music lesson on intellectual, behavioral, and emotional functioning of at-risk students who attend regular public school. Some students might benefit more from a direct approach utilizing therapeutic goals and interventions in music therapy while others may be more profoundly impacted by an indirect approach such as piano instruction. It is worthwhile to compare the effects of music lessons and music therapy incorporating music instruction on non-musical behaviors of at-risk students. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of piano instruction and music therapy incorporating piano instruction on academic achievement, classroom behaviors, and self-esteem in at-risk students. Participants were 32 at-risk elementary school students (2nd, 3 rd, and 4th graders). They were randomly assigned to one of 10 weeks of 30 minute, one-to-one training conditions: music therapy incorporated piano instruction (n=11), piano instruction (n=11), and no-training (n=10). Participants’ language and math scores, Teacher’s Ratings of Classroom Behaviors (TRCB), and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory were measured. There was no statistically significant difference between the training conditions. The present study investigated the effect of two different forms of music instruction; music therapy and piano instruction for at-risk students. With the breadth of variables to be considered and the conclusions drawn by some studies that music may indeed have a significant impact on this particular population, further research is warranted.

Anxiety during labor can be a comorbidity and lead to low birth weight, preterm or preterm labor, hypertension and an increased risk of asthma. The effects of music therapy have been studied and promise a decrease in anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Mozart's classical music therapy on the anxiety level of maternity mothers at UPT Puskesmas Ciomas. Research design quasy experimental one group pre-post test. 31 maternity mothers who entered the latent phase 1 to the end of the active phase 1 during the study period were studied with the HARS instrument. Bivariate analysis will be performed with an independent t test. Based on bivariate analysis, it was reported that Mozart's classical music therapy could reduce anxiety levels and was statistically significant (p value 0.012 &lt; 0.05). Mozart's classical music therapy can calm and reduce anxiety levels in maternity mothers.

Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorders. Music therapy has only recently been introduced as a form of treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy for schizophrenic in-patients needing acute care. Thirty-seven patients with psychotic disorders were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Both groups received medication and treatment indicated for their disorder. Additionally, the experimental group (n = 21) underwent group music therapy. Significant effects of music therapy are found in patients' self-evaluation of their psychosocial orientation and for negative symptoms. No differences were found in the quality of life. Musical activity diminishes negative symptoms and improves interpersonal contact. These positive effects of music therapy could increase the patient's abilities to adapt to the social environment in the community after discharge from the hospital.

Children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) presenting with significant limitations in conventional forms of verbal and non-verbal communication are found to respond positively to music therapy intervention involving both active, improvizational methods and receptive music therapy approaches. Improvizational musical activity with therapeutic objectives and outcomes has been found to facilitate motivation, communication skills and social interaction, as well as sustaining and developing attention. The structure and predictability found in music assist in reciprocal interaction, from which tolerance, flexibility and social engagement to build relationships emerge, relying on a systematic approach to promote appropriate and meaningful interpersonal responses. Published reports of the value and effectiveness of music therapy as an intervention for children with ASD range from controlled studies to clinical case reports. Further documentation has emphasized the role music therapy plays in diagnostic and clinical assessment. Music therapy assessment can identify limitations and weaknesses in children, as well as strengths and potentials. Research evidence from a systematic review found two randomized controlled trials that examined short-term effects of structured music therapy intervention. Significant effects were found in these studies even with extremely small samples, and the findings are important because they demonstrate the potential of the medium of music for autistic children. Case series studies were identified that examined the effects of improvizational music therapy where communicative behaviour, language development, emotional responsiveness, attention span and behavioural control improved over the course of an intervention of improvizational music therapy.

Effects of music therapy on perception of stress, relaxation, mood, and side effects in patients on a solid organ transplant unit: A randomized effectiveness study