Abstract
Polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) was added as filler in cellulose acetate (CA) to produce mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for hemodialysis operation. Phase separation induced by diffusion (DIPS) was used for fabrication of mixed matrix CA/PVP flat sheet membranes. The effect of adding PVP was investigated on the morphology and permeation efficiencies of CA membranes. The surface arrangement of polymer and additives in pure and blended membrane was studied by FTIR, contact angle and SEM. Results revealed homogenous and significant mixing of PVP content into pure CA matrix. Performance efficiency of blended membranes was investigated by means of pure water flux (PWF), urea clearance and % rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The observable decrease of contact angle from 83° to 69° in CA/PVP MMM membranes of varying composition effectively revealed enhancement in hydrophilicity of MMM membrane surface. For protein rejection, all CA/PVP membranes rejected>90% of BSA relative to 25% for pure CA membrane. Furthermore, urea clearance behavior for CA/PVP membranes was 62.4% in comparison to 52% for pure CA membrane. The incorporation PVP i.e 1% by weight (Mpvp1) significantly improved the hydrophilicity, PWF, BSA rejection and urea clearance percentages of modified CA membrane for dialysis application.
Highlights
Kidney problems either acute or chronic are one the major mortality causes
It is said that addition of a hydrophilic additive Polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP), to the cellulose acetate (CA) polymeric solution induces a dual effect on the membrane morphology
CA/PVP membranes showed compact structure with porous layer having macro voids when viewed in cross section
Summary
Kidney problems either acute or chronic are one the major mortality causes. Diseases related to kidneys have increased tremendously, main reasons being diabetes and hypertension which are common nowadays [1,2,3,4]. Kidney patients undergo dialysis which is an expensive procedure and costs more than 1 billion US$ annually [5]. Hemodialysis is an important medical procedure for patients suffering from renal ailments. This process includes purification of blood from patient’s body using hemodialysis equipment (artificial kidney) to remove uremic wastes and returning the filtered blood back to person’s body [6]. The important part of hemodialysis apparatus is a membrane, which function is to separate toxic wastes produced as a result of metabolic activities and excess water from the patient through transport via diffusive and convective phenomena. Keeping importance of hemodialysis in view, progress is made in research field of high-performance membrane which will lead to enhance quality of treatment and increase patient’s life
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