Abstract
Aim of the study was to see how a definition of the flexible flat foot (FFF) influences the results of gait evaluation in a group of 49 children with clinically established FFF. Objective gait analysis was performed using VICON system with Kistler force platforms. The gait parameters were compared between healthy feet and FFF using two classifications: in static and dynamic conditions. In static condition, the ink footprints with Clarke’s graphics were used for classification, and in dynamic condition, the Arch Index from Emed pedobarograph while walking was used for classification. When the type of the foot was based on Clarke’s graphics, no statistically significant differences were found. When the division was done according to the Arch Index, statistically significant differences between flat feet and normal feet groups were found for normalized gait speed, normalized cadence, pelvic rotation, ankle range of motion in sagittal plane, range of motion of foot progression, and two parameters of a vertical component of the ground reaction force: FZ2 (middle of stance phase) and FZ3 (push-off). Some statically flat feet function well during walking due to dynamic correction mechanisms.
Highlights
A plano-valgus foot is the most common posture deformity among children [1,2,3].Despite this fact, there are still neither unambiguous diagnostic criteria of pediatric planovalgus foot nor commonly agreed foot assessment methods
In our previous study [12], when the same feet were assessed using two different methods, one in static condition and one while walking, we found out the significant difference between the classification outcome: 35 feet classified as flat by static method were not flat according to dynamic classification method, and four feet classified as normal according to static method were flat according to the dynamic method
Clarke’sfootprinting footprinting graphics, graphics, no no statistically statistically significant differences were found between flat feet and normal feet groups in spatio-temsignificant differences were found between flat feet and normal feet groups in spatioporal, kinematic, or ground reaction force parameters
Summary
A plano-valgus foot is the most common posture deformity among children [1,2,3]. Despite this fact, there are still neither unambiguous diagnostic criteria of pediatric planovalgus foot nor commonly agreed foot assessment methods. That is why the prevalence of pediatric flexible flat foot in the literature is rated from a few to ten per cent, and it depends very much on diagnostic methods used, their accuracy, evaluation criteria, children’s age, their gender, and weight [4,5,6,7,8]. In our previous study [12], when the same feet were assessed using two different methods, one in static condition and one while walking, we found out the significant difference between the classification outcome: 35 feet (out of 100) classified as flat by static method were not flat according to dynamic classification method, and four feet classified as normal according to static method were flat according to the dynamic method
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