Effect of PIONER (Oxytocin Massage with Electromagnetic Stimulation) on Breast Milk Production: A Repeated-Measures Intervention Study Among Postpartum Mothers

Background: Optimal breast milk production meets infants’ nutritional needs, crucial in stunting prevention. Many postpartum mothers face insufficient milk production, which can affect infant weight gain and increase the risk of stunting. The innovation of combining oxytocin massage with Foxy Oil is expected to enhance breast milk volume, frequency of wet diapers, and infant weight gain—key indicators in stunting prevention. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling, involving 60 postpartum mothers: 30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 for univariate and bivariate data. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Breastfeeding optimisation was assessed based on breast milk volume, number of wet diapers, and infant weight over one month in the working area of Tanjung Morawa Community Health Centre. The husband or a close family member performed an Oxytocin massage twice daily for 10–15 minutes. Results: Bivariate analysis after oxytocin massage showed significant effects on breast milk volume (p = 0.000), number of wet diapers (p = 0.000), and infant weight (p = 0.039). The analysis indicates that the combination of Foxy Oil and oxytocin massage positively affects breast milk production, frequency of wet diapers, and infant weight gain. Conclusion: Foxy Oil's innovation, combined with oxytocin massage, can be widely applied in midwifery practice to support successful exclusive breastfeeding and contribute to stunting prevention.

Postpartum is closely related to the lactation process. The lactation process is the entire process of breastfeeding, starting from the milk produced, secreted, and expenditure of breast milk, this process also continues until the process of breastfeeding babies. Yet, in the first days after childbirth mothers experienced anxiety and fear of a lack of milk production, this causes a decrease in the hormone oxytocin which inhibits the let down reflex; therefore breast milk cannot be produced after giving birth. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the oxytocin reflex before expressing milk. One method of stimulation that can be done on the mother is by giving an oxytocin massage. An oxytocin massage is a massage performed on the cervical spine, back, or along the spine up to the fifth to sixth bone. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This research used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. A consecutive technique was used. Data analysis used a paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney test. The results show that there are differences in breast milk production in postpartum mothers assessed based on the baby's urine after receiving oxytocin massage with a value of p = 0.000 and without oxytocin massage with a value of p = 0.009. There is a difference in breastfeeding breast milk production assessed based on infant weight after oxytocin massage with p = 0.000 and without oxytocin massage with a value of p = 0.000. There is effectiveness of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production assessed based on the baby's urine with a value of p = 0.021 and infant weight with a p value = 0.042. The conclusion is that oxytocin massage is effective in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers at the Independent Practice Midwife Hermayanti East Pontianak.

Giving breast milk to babies is very important to support the baby's growth and development, and breast milk contains the best nutrition for newborn babies and is the only healthy food that babies need in the first month of life. However, not all mothers can provide exclusive breast milk for their babies, this is due to the mother's inability to overcome breastfeeding problems in the early period due to several factors that influence breast milk production including socio-cultural changes, psychological factors, physical factors of the mother, increasing promotion of formula milk, staff factors. health, mother's diet, baby's birth weight, use of contraception. One method of care that can be given to mothers to support smooth breastfeeding is an Oxytocin massage during home care services. The research aims to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers, Bulukumba Regency. The design used in this research was Case Control and the sample in this research was 10 respondents. And the measuring instrument in this research uses a measuring cup. The results showed that breast milk production before the oxytocin massage treatment was 0% smooth and after the oxytocin massage treatment the average increase in breast milk production was 0.4 with the amount of smooth breast milk being 100%. Meanwhile, in the control group there was no increase in breast milk production. The results of the statistical test using the dependent t-test showed that the value was p=0.003, meaning there was a significant difference before the oxytocin massage and after the oxytocin massage. Conclusion There is an effect of Oxytocin Massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers in Bulukumba Regency.

Breastfeeding is very influential on infants’ and child’s growth. Survey result in 2018 mentioning the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is 68.74% in Indonesia and 64.19% in Central Java. Some factors caused breastfeeding obstructions are breast milk didn’t ooze and small quantity of the ooze. Breast milk obstruction caused due lack of oxytocin and prolactin hormone stimulation. This can be cured by giving moringa leaves and oxytocin massage. The study's goal is to examine breast milk production after a combination oxytocin massage with moringa leaves and soy milk. The research design is quasi-experimental with a post-test only control group, and the data analysis design is an independent T-test. Population of this study is postpartum mothers in Central Java. With 83 total samples in Salatiga, Semarang, Grobogan, Rembang, Blora, Kendal and Demak. The group combined with moringa leaves, has 1,183.24 grams difference weight before and after treatment, estimated 185.21 ml volume of breast milk. The group combined with soy milk, has 1,088.04 grams difference weight before and after treatment, with 170.31 ml estimated of breast milk volume. The difference baby's weight from two combination groups was 95.2 grams with a p-value of 0.108. Conclusion of the study is the difference is not significant. The weight gain of infants in the oxytocin massage combination with moringa leaves group was higher than soy milk combination. Recommendation of moringa leaves can be offer for postpartum mother to increase the ooze of breast milk production.

The postpartum period refers to the first 42 days after childbirth. Breast milk contains the most appropriate and complete nutrient. Besides, it always adapts to the needs of the baby. There are several benefits of breast milk for babies the number of calories in breast milk can meet the needs of the baby, breast milk contains protective substances, and it strengthens the bond between a mother and her baby. Breast care stimulates prolactin, the hormone which helps milk production to facilitate breast milk. Oxytocin massage stimulates the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin, thus breast milk production is increased. This research aimed to determine the effect of breast care and oxytocin massage on breast milk production of postpartum mothers. In this research, the pre-experimental method was employed with a two-group pretest-posttest design. Most of the research respondents were 20-35 years old, multiparas, and graduated from junior and senior high school. Before breast care and oxytocin massage were conducted to 27 (93%) and 24 (86%) postpartum mothers respectively, most of them had low breastmilk supply. While, after the treatments were given to 27 (93%) postpartum mothers with breast care, and 24 (86%) postpartum mothers with oxytocin massage, most of the respondents had better milk production. The Mann Whitney test held after breast care and oxytocin massage indicated that p-value was 0.000 (p<0,05) for both variables. There is an effect of breast care and oxytocin massage on breast milk production of postpartum mothers.

Postpartum blues is a mild adaptation disorder in postpartum mothers that affects psychological and physiological conditions, including breast milk production. This condition significantly impacts maternal health and infant development. This study aimed to examine the association between oxytocin massage, oxytocin hormone levels, and breast milk production in mothers with postpartum blues. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with treatment and control groups was used. The study was conducted at Siti Fatimah Special District Hospital for Maternal and Child Makassar and Pertiwi Mother and Child Hospital Makassar, from February to November 2024. A total of 68 postpartum mothers with postpartum blues were divided into two groups (34 participants per group). Screening was performed using the EPDS scale, oxytocin levels were measured using the ELISA method, and Breast milk production was assessed using a composite scoring system based on three main indicators: (1) infant weight gain, evaluated using the mean value (X̄) and standard deviation (SD); (2) breastfeeding frequency, recorded through maternal reports and structured observation; and (3) breastfeeding duration, assessed based on the average time per feeding session. Each indicator was assigned a score ranging from 1 to 3, corresponding to low (score 1), moderate (score 2), and high (score 3) levels. The total score from these three components was used to classify overall breast milk production into three categories: high production (total score 7-8), moderate production (total score 5-6), and low production (total score 3-4). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. The baseline characteristics were evenly distributed across between the groups. The reduction in EPDS scores was greater in the treatment group (13.44 ± 2.765 to 12.12 ± 3.832) than in the control group (13.97 ± 3.196 to 13.26 ± 2.864), with a significant between-group difference (p = 0.000). Moreover, oxytocin levels increased significantly in the treatment group (47.57 ± 10.42 pg/mL to 52.62 ± 11.33, p = 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group, except for the comparison of the difference in oxytocin levels between the two groups confirming that this difference is statistically significant (p = 0.007). This study suggests that oxytocin massage may serve as a complementary approach therapy for reducing postpartum blues symptoms and enhancing breast milk production. Its integration into clinical practice can support maternal postpartum care by promoting emotional well-being and improving lactation outcomes.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant feeding in the first six months of their life. In Indonesia, breastfeeding practice has become a social norm among women. However, some women have experienced inadequate breast milk production especially in the first and second days after birth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endorphin and oxytocin massage on breast milk production among primiparous postpartum women and their baby weight.
 Methods: a quasi-experimental design was utilized with pre-test and post-test control group design. The population in this study were 175 postpartum mothers in Lawang Primary Health Care Indonesia. Forty postpartum mothers were selected and allocated to the intervention and control groups. Ten women were received endorphin massage, ten were given oxytocin massage, ten mothers were received the combination of endorphin and oxytocin massage and the remaining ten were allocated into the control group. The dependent variables were breast milk production and infant body weight, whereases the independent variables were endorphin massage, oxytocin massage and combination of endorphin and oxytocin massages. Data were analyzed by using t-test followed by One Way ANOVA Test with α = 0.05
 Results: The results indicated differences between the four group regarding the breast milk production and an increase in baby weight with p = 0, 00<α = 0, 05 and p = 0.046 <α = 0.05 respectively.
 Conclusion: According to the results, the combination of endorphin and oxytocin massage is the most effective technique to increase breast milk production among postpartum women and therefore, facilitating the baby weight gain in the first six months of their life.

The purpose of this study was to prove and verify the effect of oxytocin massage by the husband on increasing milk production in postpartum mothers. The method in this study uses a quasy experimental method with a non equivalent control group design approach. The results of the study, the administration of oxytocin massage by the husband affected the increased production of breast milk (ASI) with indicators of infant weight (p <0.05), frequency of breastfeeding (p <0.05), length of sleep of infants (p <0.05), frequency of discharges baby defecate (BAB) (p <0.05), frequency of urination of infants (BAK) (p <0.05), and resting mother's sleep (p <0.05). Conclusion, giving oxytocin massage by the husband can increase the production of Breast Milk (ASI) in postpartum mothers seen by the weight of the baby today, frequency of breastfeeding, length of sleep of infants, frequency of defecation of infants (BAB), frequency of defecation of infants (BAK) ), and resting mother's sleep.
 
 Keywords: Postpartum Mother, Oxytocin Massage by Husband, Breast Milk Production (ASI)

Oxytocin massage, a technique involving the massaging of the vertebrae to the fifth-sixth costae (ribs), aims to stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin, thereby enhancing breast milk production. Breast milk is the optimal nourishment for infants, containing the essential nutrients in ideal proportions. A common challenge in the initial stages of breastfeeding is the insufficient production of breast milk on the first day postpartum. Oxytocin massage is a method used to facilitate the smooth flow of breast milk. This study aims to increase the knowledge of postpartum mothers about oxytocin massage and its role in stimulating breast milk production. A descriptive case study approach was employed in nursing practice. The study focused on educating postpartum mothers about the steps and benefits of oxytocin massage. The findings indicate that mothers who were educated about oxytocin massage not only understood the technique but were also able to perform it effectively. There was a notable increase in the mothers' knowledge and practical ability regarding oxytocin massage therapy. Enhancing the understanding and application of oxytocin massage among postpartum mothers can play a significant role in overcoming initial breastfeeding challenges, ensuring better nourishment for infants through increased breast milk production.

Breastfeeding is a normal process following childbirth. However, post partum mothers often complain several problems during breastfeeding. A problem that is often complained of by post partum mothers is the lack of breast milk supply. The lack of breast milk production will interfere with the process of breastfeeding, which is one of the causing factors as to why certain mothers do not exclusively breastfeed. To find out the effect of breast care and oxytocin massage on increasing milk production in post partum mothers. This research uses a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were all primiparous post partum mothers with lactation period of 0-7 days. A total of 20 mothers participated in this study and was divided into two groups namely the treatment group and the comparison group. The samples were obtained using purposive sampling. There are independent variables (breast care and oxytocin massage) and dependent variables (milk production). Data collection was performed using a questionnaire, then analyzed using the test Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Results of breast milk production of (p= 0.003) in the treatment group, while in the comparison group the breast milk production was (p= 0.014). The Mann Whitney Test results show thatp= 0.004. It can be concluded that breast care and oxytocin massage effectively increase the milk production of post partum mothers. The therapy is recommended for health professionals to apply breast care and oxytocin massage to increase the milk production of post partum mothers who have less milk production. Combination of breast care and oxytocin massage have more effective benefits in increasing the breast milk production of postpartum mothers.

Background : The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 39.05% in Sukoharjo in 2015, which is far bellow the national target of 80%. A study has shown that massage oxytocin increases oxytocin (OT) hormone release, and eventually decreases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide (NO), and beta-endorphin (BE). This OT hormone release will increase milk ejection, which facilitate milk production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast care and oxytocin massages on breast milk production in post–partum mothers. Subjects and method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), conducted at Sukoharjo Hospital, Central Java 19 October to November 18, 2016. A total of 90 post – partum mothers were selected at random and then allocated into breast care group and oxytocin massage group. The dependent variable was breast milk production. The independent variable was breast care and oxytocin massage. Changes in breast milk production before and after intervention between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The increase in breast milk production in breast care and oxytocin massage group (mean = 17.37, SD = 9.70) was larger than that of the control group (mean = 1.58, SD = 1.69), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Breast care and oxytocin massage can significantly increase breast milk production. Post-partum mothers are recommended to practice breast care and oxytocin massage, in order to increase breast milk production. Keywords: breast care, oxytocin massage, breast milk production. Correspondende: Tutik Rahayuningsih. School of Health Polytechnics, Poltekkes Bhakti Mulia, Surakarta. Email: tutikrahayu_abm@yahoo.co.id Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 101-109 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.05

Background: The incidence of post-partum blues both in Indonesia and abroad has been quite high; the stress that post-partum mothers experience will inhibit breast milk production and, as a result, breastfeeding process should be stopped earlier. Hypnobreastfeeding relaxation and oxytocin massage have been a combination of therapy that might decrease the rate of Adenocorticotropic Hormon (ACTH) and that might assist hormone and prolactin secrection in order that breast milk production becomes fluent. This study then aimed at analyzing the optimization of the combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding in order to decrease anxiety and to improve breast milk production among post-partum mothers. Subjects and Method : This was an analytic experimental study with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. This study was conducted at Dr. Suradji Tirtonegoro Central General Hospital, Klaten, from January 25 th , 2017 until March 9 th , 2017. The population in this study was 200 post-partum mothers. A sample of 60 post-partum mothers was selected for this study and allocated into the intervention group (n1= 30) and the control group (n2= 30). The intervention group would be treated by the combination of oxytocin massage and hypno­breastfeeding. The dependent variables were anxiety and breast milk production. The independent variables were oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding. The anxiety was measured by STAI scale. The breast milk production process was measured by checklist questionnaire. The breast milk production amount was measured by milking cups. The breast milk production between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney. Results : The anxiety scale in the intervention group was better and lower than that of the control group. The differences in terms of anxiety scale between the intervention group (median= 24.00; SD= 4.45) and the control group (median= 34.00; SD= 6.93) were statistically significant (p<0.001). Then, the differences in terms of breast milk production process between the inter­vention group (median= 9.00; SD= 1.66) and the control group (median= 8.00; SD= 1.56) were nearly significant (p<0.145). Furthermore, the differences in terms of breast milk production amount between the intervention group (median= 10.00; SD= 10.36) and the control group (median= 4.50; SD= 4.21) were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding can effectively decreasing anxiety and increasing breast milk production for post-partum mothers. Keywords : oxytocin massage, hypnobreastfeeding, breast milk production, post-partum Correspondence: Lutfiana Puspita Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ­­Email: bidanlutfiana@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282221522374. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 1(1): 20-29 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.03

Background: Breast milk is the main source of nutrition for babies which is easily digested by their digestive system. However, there are various reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding, one of which is because of insufficient breast milk production. One effort to increase breast milk production naturally is through non-pharmacological therapy, such as oxytocin massage which plays a role in improving blood circulation, stretching muscles, and increasing the production of the hormone oxytocin. In addition, klabet seed tea is known to have estrogenic effects thanks to its saponin, alkaloid, and flavonoid content. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of providing oxytocin massage and klabet seed tea (Trigonella Foenum-Graceum L.) on increasing breast milk production. Methode: This study was conducted at TPMB Tutut Ismayanti and TPMB Suprihtin. Research design Pre-Experimental One group Pretest Postest Design. The population of postpartum mothers who experienced insufficient breast milk production was 42 respondents, with a purposive sampling technique and a sample size of 38 respondents with insufficient breast milk production. Oxytocin massage and klabet seed tea 3g a day were given twice a day for 7 days. The research instrument used observation sheets and SOPs. Data analysis was carried out Univariately in the form of frequency distribution and Bivariately using the Paired Sample T-test. Results: The results of the study were that postpartum mothers' breast milk production before intervention was mostly substandard (52.63%) with a mean value of 3.37 and breast milk production after intervention increased to smooth (63.16%) with a mean value of 5.76. Results of Paired Sample T-test ρ-value 0.000 &lt;0.05. Conclusion: There is Effectiveness of Giving Oxytocin Massage and Klabet Seed Tea (Trigonella Foenum Graceum L.) to Increase Breast Milk Production. Oxytocin massage and klabet seed tea are very useful in helping to facilitate breast milk production economically on days 1-10 after giving birth.

Background: Decreased milk production and milk production in the first days of delivery can be caused by a lack of prolactin and oxytocin hormone production. Research Objectives: To determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers at TPMB N di Kab. Bekasi. Research Methods: This research is a descriptive Quasi Experiment, which is a type of research design that has a control group and an experimental group not chosen randomly, and a One Group Pretest Posttest design, namely an experimental design carried out in one different groups, which aims to determine the expenditure of breast milk in postpartum mothers. about the implementation of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers at TPMB N di Kab. Bekasi. Result of Research: Respondents before being given oxytocin massage, the production of breast milk was not smooth as many as 19 postpartum mothers (63.3%). And it was found that all respondents before being given oxytocin massage had less than 30 postpartum mothers (100%). Conclusion: There is an effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers at PMB Siti Suhartati, Str.Keb in 2022 with p value = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05) Suggestion: In accordance with what has been conveyed in the study that oxytocin massage is physiological, hopefully with this research the respondents, especially for postpartum mothers, can apply knowledge about oxytocin massage

Oxytocin massage is stimulation that can be given to stimulate milk production. Massage can provide comfort to the mother after the delivery process. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-and post-test design. Measurements were carried out before and after the research intervention. Measurements were made using an observation sheet (breast milk production) and then given an intervention (oxytocin massage) followed by an evaluation on day 3 using an observation sheet (breast milk production). The results of this evaluation were compared with the results of measurements before the intervention was given. The characteristics of the most oxytocin massage respondents, based on age were 20-35 years, 24 respondents (80%), multiparity parity 21 respondents (70%), and normal upper arm circumference 23.5 – 26.5 cm 15 respondents (50%). The breast milk production before the oxytocin massage was carried out with the most breast milk not lagging as many as 25 respondents (83.3%), after the oxytocin massage the milk flow was smooth as many as 28 respondents (93.3%). The results of statistical tests using Mcnemar Test obtained p-value = 0.000 or p &lt; = 0.05. There is an effect of oxytocin massage on milk production in postpartum mothers at PMB Nurul Awalia Astarie, A.Md. Keb. Conclusion Oxytocin massage has an effect on breast milk production in postpartum mothers. Suggestion. It is hoped that as input for knowledge, it can be applied as part of the oxytocin massage intervention for health workers and the public for Smooth Breastfeeding.