Abstract
The effect of the addition of clay and TiO2 pigments on the surface energy and surface chemistry of films made from polymers used in paper coating formulations was evaluated. The polymers were carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and a protein-based polymer - all water-soluble - and two styrene-butadiene latexes of different carboxylation levels. The morphology of the surfaces was characterized by SEM examination, gloss measurement and stylus profilometry. Chemical composition was determined by EDS and XPS techniques. Surface energy and its Lifshitz-van der Waals and acid-base components were obtained from contact angle measurements using the van Oss et al. approach. Even though the addition of pigment increasingly upset the planar surface of the films, their surface chemistry and surface energy were only slightly affected over the pigmentation range studied (up to 40% by volume) and were dominated by the characteristics of the binder polymer.
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