Abstract
Additives such as nucleating agents are often used in the processing of plastic products not only for improving production efficiency but also for enhancing mechanical performance. In this work, the short- and long-term tensile strength, the morphology as well as the residual stresses of the welded polypropylene (PP) samples with different fillers (carbon black and special beta-nucleating agents) and different dimensionless joining paths are analyzed. Results obtained are then compared with those that are representative of the initial, filler-free samples. It is shown that, upon using the special beta-nucleating agent, superior long-term tensile strength can be achieved compared to the samples without additives or with carbon black agent (e.g., for the dimensionless joining path of 0.95, the long-term tensile strength of a PP nature sample is characterized by around 400 MPa, whereas by adding beta-nucleating agent 1% the value can be increased by 400% to reach around 2050 MPa). However, adding beta-nucleating agent 1% yields inferior short-term tensile strength. The hole drilling method (HDM) is used for the analysis of residual stresses. It is found that the residual stresses in the weld seam are characterized by low values of the tensile stresses. The residual stresses in the weld seam also can be converted from tensile into compressive stresses by adding the beta nucleating agent. However, this has the disadvantage that with a higher proportion by weight of the beta nucleating agent, the short-term tensile strength of the welded joint becomes lower than that of the other tested bonds.
Highlights
Polypropylene (PP) is a polymer material with high industrial relevance
InInthe ofthe theHDM, hole drilling method (HDM),a aavery verysmall smallhole holeisis isdrilled drilledincrementally incrementallyatat atthe thegeometrical geometrical thecase caseofof the HDM, very small hole drilled incrementally the geometrical center which surface being examined centerofof ofaaastrain straingauge gaugerosette, rosette, which isglued glued tothe the surface ofthe thepart part being examined center strain gauge which isisglued totothe surface ofof the part being examined
This work is concerned with the analysis of the effect of the additives and dimensionless joining path on the short- and long-term tensile strength, morphology, and residual stresses of the welded PP samples
Summary
Polypropylene (PP) is a polymer material with high industrial relevance. It can be used in a wide range of possible applications—e.g., in the automotive sector for applications such as instrument panels, center consoles, ventilation, and headlight housings. The consumption of polypropylene is currently over 50 million tons per year worldwide. This material has high strength and rigidity combined with low density (0.905 to 0.915 g/cm3 ) [1]. Polymer materials are usually formulated with various fillers, reinforcing materials and additives to form compounds, so that the desired properties can be achieved. Additives are used, for example, to color the material or to support crystallization
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