Abstract
1. Aluminum nitride (0.079%) and vanadium nitride (0.125%) refine the grains in steels of the 17GS type and increase the yield strength by 4.5–7 kg/mm2, substantially increasing the toughness of the steel and also the work of crack initiation and crack propagation, which lowers the ductile—brittle transition temperature by 17–58°. 2. In contrast to nitrides, excess carbides, carbonitrides, and copper phase, which increase the strength characteristics, lower the toughness and raise the ductile—brittle temperature of the steels. 3. The embrittling effect of copper phase in steel of the 17GSND type is slight at copper concentrations up to 0.5%, but increases at larger copper concentrations.
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