Effect of Nano-Zinc Foliar Spraying on Anatomical Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max) Plants

Introduction: Hybrid layer degradation is mainly attributed to matrix metalo proteinases (MMP) activity. In this study, we compare inhibitory effect of nano zinc oxide with chlorhexidine (0.12%) on distraction of collagen scaffolding of the hybrid layer by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microleakage tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 extracted molars and premolar teeth with no caries and visible anatomic defects were selected. Class 5 cavities with dimensions of 2 × 2 × 2 mm was performed for each tooth on the buccal surface 1 mm above cemento enamel junction. Results: In microleakage test, there was no significant difference in the result for groups pretreated with nano zinc oxide mixed with single bond (C), pretreated with chlorhexidine (0.12%) applied before bonding (B) and not pretreated with these agents (A) whether in 24 h or 1-week. in IHC test, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups except in group B and group C. Conclusion: (1) The inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine and nano zinc oxide on MMPs activity is different. (2) Microleakage amount is different in composite resin restoration used in a cavity pretreated with nano zinc oxide contained bonding or chlorhexidine 24 h and 1-week later.

A total of 144 weaned piglets (6.80 ± 0.46 kg, [Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were used in a 4-week feeding trial to determine the effect of nano zinc oxide or chelated zinc as alternatives to medical zinc oxide (ZnO) in weaned piglets. The pigs were randomly distributed to one of 6 treatment groups (4 pigs in a pen, 6 replicate pens per treatment). The dietary treatments were negative control (NC), no additional zinc oxide in the diet; positive control (PC), NC + 2500 mg/kg ZnO; 100 mg Chelate (NC + 100 zinc chelate); 200 mg Chelate (NC + 200 mg/kg of zinc chelate); 100 mg Nano (NC + 100 mg/kg ZnO nanoparticles), and 200 mg Nano (NC + 200 mg/kg nanoparticles). The growth performance of pigs fed the PC and Nano diets were significantly higher than that of pigs in the Chelate treatment groups (p < .05). In the overall periods, the faecal scores were significantly increased (p < .05) in the PC treatment group compared to the 100 mg/kg Chelate and Nano treatment groups. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein and faecal Lactobacillus concentrations were significantly decreased (p < .05) in the NC group compared to the other groups. The ATTD of zinc was significantly increased (p < .05) in the Chelate treatment groups compared to the other treatment groups. In conclusion, 200 mg/kg Nano showed similar effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and faecal Lactobacillus concentrations in weaning pigs as medical ZnO. HIGHLIGHTS To evaluate the effects of nano zinc oxide or chelated zinc as an alternative to medical zinc oxide in weaned piglets High-dose zinc oxide and 200 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticle supplementation showed beneficial effects on growth performance and crude protein digestibility Supplementation with zinc chelated with glycine resulted in significantly higher (p < .01) the ATTD of zinc than other treatments groups. Faecal Lactobacillus concentrations were significantly decreased (p < .05) in the no additional zinc oxide diet group compared to the other treatment groups. Nano-ZnO at 100 or 200 mg/kg had similar effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility with lower zinc excretion than that of weaned pigs given medical zinc oxide.

Effect of nano zinc oxide and silica on mechanical, fluid transport and radiation attenuation properties of steel furnace slag heavyweight concrete

Zinc is a vital trace element for human health since it is necessary for many physiological functions, such as metabolic pathways and gene control. One tactic to combat this nutritional problem is to eat foods that have been biofortified with zinc. ZnO nanoparticles may improve the phytochemical composition of microgreens and increase their nutritional value. Microgreens are immature seedlings that are picked shortly after their real leaves appear. In recent years, they have been a popular new culinary trend since they provide our meals with strong flavours, a variety of hues, and textures. Radish is grown and consumed all over the world and is considered part of the human diet. Microgreens are regarded as a viable target crop for mineral biofortification due to their favourable response to nutrient inputs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of nano zinc oxide at different application rates (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L of ZnO) on the weight and quality of radish microgreens. Microgreens treated with 10 mg/L of nano ZnO showed the highest weight of 100 seedlings and length of seedlings (14.92 gm and 11.9 cm, respectively). The highest content of Zn was observed with 10 mg/L of nano ZnO, while the highest content of Fe was observed with 20 mg/L ZnO. In conclusion, Zn biofortification with nano zinc is effective in enriching radish microgreens with zinc and also enhances growth parameters.

In this research, the effect of soil application of three different sources of zinc (Zn) fertilizers including nano Zn chelate, Zn sulfate and nano Zn oxide (ZnO) each at three levels of 0, 250 and 500 mg kg−1 was examined in a 12-year-old vineyard. The results of the soil incubation test of different Zn containing fertilizers (with equal amounts of Zn) showed that these compounds had the highest availability during the first week they are added to soil, but over time this availability reduced. The highest Zn availability was related to nano Zn chelate and the lowest availability was related to nano ZnO and control treatments. Moreover, the amount of Zn extracted at the end of the growing season was lower in nano Zn chelate- treated soils than those treated with Zn sulfate and nano ZnO. The highest yield was related to those vines treated with nano Zn chelate at 500 mg kg−1 and the lowest was observed in control vines. Also, the highest and lowest total phenol and soluble sugars was detected in 500 mg kg−1 nano Zn chelate- treated and control vines, respectively. Berry anthocyanin, flavonoid, titratable acid, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity, protein, ascorbic acid, iron, and potassium dramatically increased in response to nano Zn chelate application. For this reason, because nano Zn chelate is less stabilized on soil, it is better to use nano Zn chelate fertilizer instead of other Zn compounds for improving the yield and quality of grape berries, especially in calcareous soils.

The most important feature of nanotechnology in the development process of agriculture is Nano fertilizers at the 1-100 nm nanometer scale. Where, the use of nano fertilizers instead of common fertilizers provides plants with nutrients progressively and in a regulated manner, the quality of application increases, contamination decreases and the risk of chemical fertilization decreases. Therefore, Two field studies have been carried out in a private field in Derwatine Village, Nabarouh Center, Governorate of Dakahlia, Egypt, during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 Seasons to research the impact of foliar application of chelated and nano zinc (without, spraying with chelated zinc at the rate of 2 g/liter and nano zinc at the rate of 200, 400 and 600 mg/L), nitrogen levels (100, 80 and 60 % of the recommended dose i.e. 80, 64 and 48 kg N/fed, respectively) as well as their interaction on productivity of wheat Gemmiza 12 cultivar. The experiments were conducted with three replicates in a strip-plot configuration. Five zinc foliar application treatments were given to the vertical-plots. The horizontal-plots were allocated three nitrogen levels.

Effects of nano zinc oxide as an alternative to pharmacological dose of zinc oxide on growth performance, diarrhea, immune responses, and intestinal microflora profile in weaned piglets

This study investigates the effect of nano zinc oxide on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites in comparison with the effect of conventional zinc oxide. Six rubber compounds were prepared with nano zinc oxide (particle size = (10-30) nm and surface area = (30-60) m2/g) and levels of (0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2) phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber weight). Six rubber compounds were prepared with conventional zinc oxide levels of (0,2,4,5,6,8) phr. The cure rate index was improved by 48.29% and torque difference was improved by 4.77%. The tensile strength was improved by 7.37% and the modulus at 300% was improved by 3.27%, while the hardness was decreased by 5.73%. The using of nano zinc oxide instead of conventional zinc oxide reduced the amount of zinc oxide inside rubber composites by 75%.

The effects of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on moisture susceptibility property of stone mastic asphalt (SMA)

Plants under stress synthesize different active compounds and these ingredients gradients released by plants can be influenced under unconventional conditions, and are usually considered secondary metabolism compounds. Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes is considered a valuable plant, as it is the source of the most valuable natural active compounds. Furthermore, it is appropriate for in vitro intact plant propagation techniques. The goal of this study is to elucidate through a comprehensive analysis of B. oleracea propagation by applying different concentrations of plant hormones and propagate and induce callus formation in vitro culture and the relationship of elicitation effect by cobalt chloride and nano zinc and producing secondary metabolites compounds. The explant of B. oleracea was grown on media containing a mix of hormones 1, 2, 3, of BA and (0.5) NAA mg per liter. BA (2.0) with, NAA (0.5) mg had a considerable effect on number of explants 13.0 shoots.explant−1. Shot tip explant, BA 2. mg. and maximum effect on the shoots’ length, that reached 7 cm and 13.0 number of leaves. Nano zinc 1mg/L applied increased the shoots in addition to the number of leaves explants and the accumulation of antioxidant glutathione of B. oleracea to 28.227 μg/ml after elicitation with cobalt chloride and to 24.777 μg/ml after applying Nano Zinc. The application of different types of elicitors like chemical solutions such as Cobalt chloride and nano zinc have often been reported to affect plant accumulation partially in the active compounds. These effects can enhance plant secondary metabolism growth rate in many plant processes to adapt to the environment.

Arginine amino acid, nano particles of zinc oxide, and stock density: Effect on growth performance, intestinal morphology, blood indices, and meat quality in broiler chickens

&lt;p&gt;Indonesia is the main centre of banana biodiversity. Banana is preferred because of its high nutrient content and economical value. Besides, banana leaves, particularly from “Klutuk” banana (Musa balbisiana Colla.) is also well-known used as traditional wrapper of cakes and foods. The objective of this research was to know and to compare the anatomical structure of Musa balbisiana Colla. and Musa paradisiaca L. leaves, and their anatomical characters as quality indication of banana leaves used as cakes and foods wrapper. Cross sections of banana leaves were prepared using free hand section and paraffin embedding methods. Leaf clearing method was used to prepare upper and lower epidermal tissue slides. Parameters used were the arrangement of cells/tissues, length and width of vascular bundles, mesophyll thickness, the thickness of schlerenchyma tissue, the number of laticiferous and tanin cells, and stomata indexs. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (Anova) continued by Duncan test at level 5%. The results showed that the anatomical structure of M.balbisiana Colla. and M. paradisiaca L. leaves consisted of epidermis, hypodermis, mesophyll, and vascular bundles. The supporting tissues were composed of sclerenchyma located at upper and lower side of vascular bundle. The number of cell layers composing upper and lower hypodermis; stomata number, stomata index, the length and width of stomata; the thickness of vascular bundles; the thickness of layers composing adaxial and abaxial mesophyll; the thickness of schlerenchyma layers and width of schlerenchyma tissue at vascular bundle as well as laticiferous and tannin cell were found differently between M. balbisiana Colla. and M. paradisiaca L. The values of meshophyll thickness, length and width of vascular bundle, the thickness of schlerenchyma tissue, the number of laticiferous cells and the number of tanin cells were higher for M. paradisiaca L than in M. balbisiana Colla. The smaller the thickness of schlerenchyma layers and the width of schlerenchyma tissue at vascular bundle as well as the less number of laticiferous and tannin cells were assumed to be correlated with the good quality of M. balbisiana Colla leaves as foods and cakes wrapper. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;: anatomy, banana leaves, Musa balbisiana Colla., Musa paradisiaca L.&lt;/p&gt;

This study presents anatomical characteristics, mechanical properties, microfibril angles (MFAs) and Klason lignin contents of leaf-sheath fibrovascular bundles from 14 palm genera (18 species). Observed by light microscopy, all fibrovascular bundles consisted equally of thick-walled sclerenchyma fibers and vascular tissue, while the shape and localization of vascular tissues on the transverse sections varied among species. It was possible to group these fibrovascular bundles into 3 types based on the vascular tissue’s differences: type A – rounded in the central region; type B – angular in the marginal region; and type C – aliform in the central region. These three anatomical types of fibrovascular bundles showed some correlation with a current phylogenetic classification of palm species. Through mechanical tests, this research confirmed the correlation between diameter and mechanical properties of the fibrovascular bundles of palms; tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter. We clarified that this trend was due to a marked increase in the proportion of transverse sectional area comprised by vascular tissue with increasing diameter of fibrovascular bundles. The MFAs of fibrovascular bundles ranged from 10.3º to 47.1º, which were generally larger than those of non-woody plants, conifers, and broad-leaved trees. The Klason lignin contents of palm species were also high, ranging from 18.3% to 37.8%, with a mean value of 29.6%. These large MFAs and high lignin contents could lead to the long-term plastic deformation and relatively low tensile strength of palm fibrovascular bundles.

Changes in stem anatomy with radial position and height were studied for the arborescent palms Welfia georgii, Iriartea gigantea, Socratea durissima, Euterpe macrospadix, Prestoea decurrens, and Cryosophila albida. Vascular bundles are concentrated toward the stem periphery and peripheral bundles contain more fibers than central bundles. Expansion and cell wall thickening of fibers within vascular bundles continues throughout the life of a palm, even in the oldest tissue. Within individual vascular bundles, the fibers nearest the phloem expand first and fiber cell walls become heavily thickened. A front of expanding fibers moves outward from the phloem until all fibers within a vascular bundle are fully expanded and have thick cell walls. Peripheral vascular bundles differentiate first and inner bundles later. In the stem beneath the crown, vascular bundles and ground tissue cells show little or no size increase, but marked cell wall thickening during development for Welfia georgii. Beneath the crown, diameters of peripheral vascular bundles increase more than twofold for Iriartea gigantea, while diameters of central bundles do not increase. In Iriartea stems, ground tissue cells at the periphery elongate to accommodate expanding vascular bundles and cell walls become thickened to a lesser degree than in fibers; central ground tissue cells elongate markedly, but cell walls do not become thickened; and large lacunae form between central parenchyma cells. For Iriartea, Socratea, and Euterpe, sustained cell expansion results in limited, but significant increases in stem diameter. For all species, sustained cell wall thickening results in dramatic increases in stem stiffness and strength.

Effect of nano zinc oxide on the acute and reproductive toxicity of cadmium and lead to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus