Abstract
Microorganisms associated with commonly used cosmetics and effects of microgravity on most frequently isolated microorganism were investigated. The microorganisms isolated from the cosmetics were <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma piluliferum</i> and <i>Neocosmospora vasinfecta</i>. Fifty percent of the cosmetics were contaminated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 31.82% contaminated with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, 22.73% contaminated with <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 13.64% contaminated with <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, 13.64% contaminated with <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, 9.09% contaminated with <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, 4.55% contaminated with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, 13.64% contaminated with <i>Trichoderma piluliferum</i> and 9.09% contaminated with <i>Neocosmospora vasinfecta</i>. The <i>S. aureus</i> which was the most frequently isolated bacteria was subjected to microgravity condition. The antibiotics susceptibility test of the most frequent bacteria (<i>S. aureus</i>) was investigated and it was observed that the <i>S. aureus</i> grown under stimulated microgravity condition exhibited resistance to antibiotic more than <i>S. aureus</i> grown under earth gravity. The most frequently isolated bacteria namely <i>S. aureus</i> exhibited greater resistance to antibiotics under stimulated microgravity condition than one under earth gravity condition at different time. The resistance of the <i>S. aureus</i> to antibiotics tends to increase with increased in revolution per minutes (rpm) at which the bacterium was subjected.
Highlights
Preservatives are used in all sorts of products in which microorganisms can proliferate
Pharmaceuticals, industrial products, household products and cosmetics are some of the products that are at risk of contamination by microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant bacteria isolated in the course of the research with frequency distribution (34.38%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.88%), Escherichia coli (15.63%), Proteus Mirabilis (9.38%), Proteus vulgaris (6.25%) and Bacillus subtilis (3.13%)
Summary
Preservatives are used in all sorts of products in which microorganisms can proliferate. The cosmetic industry uses numerous ingredients, including preservatives, moisturizers, thickeners, antimicrobials, solvents, emulsifiers and colours in the production processes. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently encountered in contaminated cosmetics [1]. In order for the plethora of microbes to persist and thrive, they must be highly responsive to change in their local environments in which they are constantly exposed Some of these environmental changes are experienced in the form of temperature, oxidative, host cell induced, and/or chemical stresses [2]. This is because microbes inhabit an amazingly diverse range of ecological niches and must constantly adapt to a wide variety of changing environmental conditions, including alterations in temperature, pH, nutrient availability, oxygen levels, and osmotic pressure gradients [3,4,5,6,7,8]
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