Abstract
Genotype, seed age, presence of malt extract coadyuvant and availability of ammonium and nitrate sources influenced the percent-age of somatic embryo formation obtained from nucellar tissue. There were embryogenetic responses in the nucellar tissue for 6 cul-tivars growing in 100% MS salt medium supplemented with 5 vitamins, 500 mg⋅liter-1 malt extract (ME) and additions of 600 mg⋅liter-1 of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) to the nitrate levels. Outstanding were the polyembrionic genotypes such as the cultivar ‘Chata’ (C. sinensis) with 53% and the mandarin orange 'Monica' (C. sinensis x C. reticulata) with 42%. Four cultivars produced somatic embryos when MS salt medium was supplemented with 500 mg⋅liter-1 ME, and the ammonium and nitrate levels were decreased 200%. The genotype Monica (C. sinensis x C. reticulata) was outstanding, showing embryogenetic responses of 60%. The nucellar tissue in grapefruit seeds (C. paradissi) at 22.2 weeks maturity showed no response in the medium used. Finally, the salt culture with 0.1 mg⋅liter-1 IAA, 0.1 mg⋅liter-1 kinetin, and 1.0 mg⋅liter-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), and media with MS salts, 500 mg⋅liter-1 ME, promoted the germination of nucellar embryos with 5 to 6 mm diameter after 6 weeks of culturing.
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