Abstract
Purpose : To investigate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. extract (AMBE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : The aqueous extract of AMB was obtained by steeping the dried Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. in water at 60 oC three times, each for 1 h, before first drying in an oven at 100 o C and then freeze-drying the last extract thus obtained. Diabete model rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of ten rats each: negative control group, normal control group, reference group (glibenclamide1 mg/kgbody weight) as well as AMB extract groups, namely, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg body weight. Antihyperglycemic effect was measured by blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by antioxidant markers, viz, lipidperoxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), while blood serum levels of creatinine and urea were also determined in both diabetic control and treated rats. Results : Compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of AMBE at a concentration of 160 mg/kg daily for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (109.438 ± 3.52, p < 0.05) and increased insulin level (13.96 ± 0.74, p < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, 0.86 ± 0.29, p < 0.05) and serum urea (45.14 ± 1.79, p < 0.05). The treatment also resulted in significant increase in GSH (49.21 ± 2.59, p < 0.05), GPx (11.96 ± 1.16, p < 0.05), SOD (14.13 ± 0.49, p < 0.05), CAT (83.25 ± 3.14, p < 0.05) level in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Conclusion : The results suggest that AMBE may effectively normalize impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner. AMBE has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and is thus capable of reducing the risk of diabetic complications. Keywords : Astragalus membranaceus, Diabetic, Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant Oxidative stress, Fasting blood glucose
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion, is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries
Fasting blood glucose levels in the normal control group of rats remained unchanged during the course of the experiment
Level of fasting blood glucose was significantly (p < 0.01) higher and the plasma insulin level was significantly decreased as compared to normal group
Summary
A metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion, is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. The increased blood glucose levels in diabetes produce superoxide anions, which generate hydroxyl radicals via Haber–Weiss reaction, resulting in peroxidation of membrane lipids and protein glycation. This leads to oxidative damage of cell membranes. The aqueous extract of AMB was obtained by steeping the dried Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. Rats were fasted overnight and the blood was withdrawn by retro orbital puncture under light ether anesthesia on the days 1, 15 and 30 postinduction to determine blood glucose and plasma insulin level. At the end of 30 days, the animals were deprived of food overnight and sacrificed by cervical decapitation for biochemical parameters (hemoglobin, glycosylated Hb, total protein, serum creatinine, serum urea) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, LPO) estimation. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05
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