Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether lipoarabinomannan (LAM), in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), was able to improve cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against ovalbumin (OVA) in cattle. Twenty-three calves were assigned to four treatment groups, which were subcutaneously immunized with either OVA plus FIA, OVA plus FIA and LAM from Mycobacterium avium subsp avium, FIA plus LAM, or FIA alone. Lymphoproliferation, IFN-γ production and cell subpopulations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and 15 days after treatment were evaluated. Delayed hypersensitivity was evaluated on day 57. Specific humoral immune response was measured by ELISA. Inoculation with LAM induced higher levels of lymphoproliferation and IFN-γ production in response to ConA and OVA (P < 0.05). Specific antibody titers were similar in both OVA-immunized groups. Interestingly, our results showed that the use of LAM in vaccine preparations improved specific cell immune response evaluated by lymphoproliferation and IFN-γ production by at least 50 and 25%, respectively, in cattle without interfering with tuberculosis and paratuberculosis diagnosis.
Highlights
Protection against infectious diseases may require a cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) and/or an antibodymediated immune response (AMIR), depending on the agent
The LAM extract contained protein of similar apparent molecular mass and reactivity as M. tuberculosis LAM used as reference (Figure 1)
The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of LAM addition to Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) inoculated with a noninfectious antigen, to improve the immune response in calves
Summary
Protection against infectious diseases may require a cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) and/or an antibodymediated immune response (AMIR), depending on the agent. The mechanisms of action by which adjuvants promote an increased immune response may be: the depot effect, antigen presentation, antigen distribution or targeting and immune activation/modulation, and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction [1,2]. Microbial cells, their components, or chemically modified microbial products have historically been used as adjuvants in vaccines. Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA), which uses mannide monooleate into which the antigen is emulsified, has been shown to increase antibody responses more than other adjuvants, such as aluminum salts, in humans and animals [6,7].
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