Abstract
The effect of La3+ and Nd3+ on piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT (Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3) was studied. The powders were prepared by “wet-chemical” route followed by calcination at 800 °C for 4 h. XRD analysis of the calcined powders confirms the tetragonal phase in the undoped PZT, which gradually decreases with the dopant concentration and the appearance of rhombohedral phase simultaneously. SEM study of sintered pellets reveals the decrease in grain size with the increase in dopant concentration beyond 0.02 mol Nd3+ and 0.03 mol La3+ respectively. The piezoelectric constant (d33) and dielectric properties were maximum for 0.02 mol Nd3+ and 0.03 mol La3+ respectively. The remnant polarization of La3+-doped sample was higher than Nd3+-doped sample, and the sample with combined dopants shows intermediate remnant polarization (Pr). Based on the above study, it is concluded that La3+ is more effective than Nd3+, including in a mixture of La3+ and Nd3+ dopants.
Highlights
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is considered as one of the most widely studied piezoelectric materials for various applications
Mohidden et al [16] studied the effect of Nd-doped PZT and reported that the grain size decreases with the increase of Nd concentration and the phase transition is of diffused nature without relaxor behavior
The results are similar to that observed by Xiang et al [13] and are attributed to the change in lattice parameters, i.e. the lattice parameters “c” decreases while “a” increases with lanthanum content; the tetragonality (c/a) of lanthanum-modified PZT ceramics decreases
Summary
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is considered as one of the most widely studied piezoelectric materials for various applications These materials are in the fore front for the application in aerospace vibration control, precision flow control as a replacement of solenoid-based flow control, fuel injection system in automobile industry, energy harvesting from different vibration sources, and so on [1,2,3,4,5]. Mohidden et al [16] studied the effect of Nd-doped PZT and reported that the grain size decreases with the increase of Nd concentration and the phase transition is of diffused nature without relaxor behavior. In this study, an attempt had been made to study the effect of both the dopants on microstructure, piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT
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