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Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of austenitization and tempering temperatures of H13 steel, as well as tempering procedures, are investigated. The selected austenitization temperatures are 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C, while tempering is performed at 500 °C, 550 °C, and 600 °C. Tempering is conducted in single, double, and triple steps at each temperature. Elevating the austenitizing temperature from 1000 °C to 1200 °C boosts hardness from 500 to 718 Vickers due to enhanced alloy element dissolution in the austenite before quenching. However, as the tempering temperature rises from 500 °C to 600 °C, hardness declines, but impact toughness correspondingly increases. This behaviour is likely due to carbide coarsening, morphological changes in carbides, and a reduction in dislocation density, which collectively reduce hardness and enhance toughness. Double and triple tempering treatments further reduce hardness and enhance impact toughness compared to single-step tempering at the same temperature. These improvements are attributed to the removal of quenched residual stresses during multiple tempering steps, which decreases hardness and improves toughness. The optimal heat treatment for H13 steel used in TBM cutter ring applications involves austenitizing at 1200 °C and tempering at 550 °C, with double or triple tempering.
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