Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50), a well-known natural antioxidant, against immunity and antioxidant enzyme activities in ischemia reperfusion (IR) rats. Rats were then divided into six groups fed for 15 days with the same diet: three groups (IV, V, VI) were treated by different doses of GBE50 suspension [20, 40, or 60 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage every day at a fixed time (10.00 a.m.)] (equal to 5, 10 and 20 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose), and three groups (I, II, III) were untreated. At the end of the experiment, rats’ hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Results showed that IR significantly enhanced heart rate, S-T height, myocardium (myeloperoxidase) MPO activity and blood interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, blood aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase (CK) activities, reduced myocardium sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase), calcium-magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities and antioxidant enzyme activities in IR group (III) compared to sham control group (II). Pretreatment of GBE50 markedly significantly reduced heart rate, S-T height, myocardium MPO activity and blood IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β levels, blood AST, LDH, and CK activities, enhanced myocardium Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities and antioxidant enzyme activities in IR group (II) compared to IR group (III). The results suggested that the GBE50 may reduce the oxidative stress in the reperfused myocardium, and increased immunity and antioxidant activities in IR rats.
Highlights
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is known to occur on restoration of coronary flow after a period of myocardial ischemia usually caused by coronary heart disease
In addition focal confluent necrosis of muscle fibers with inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolar degeneration and myophagocytosis along with extravasation of red blood cells was observed. This indicated that myocardium ischemia reperfusion (IR) rats model had been successfully established
Occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery resulted in a significant heart rate and ST-segment elevation at 30 min after ischemia in group infarction. In IR group (III) compared to group II (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, Table 1)
Summary
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is known to occur on restoration of coronary flow after a period of myocardial ischemia usually caused by coronary heart disease. In ischemia and reperfusion of the heart, oxygen derived free radicals are thought to play an important role in the genesis of tissue injury [2,3,4,5]. The deleterious effects of ROS on cardiac tissue can be blocked by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase [12,13,14,15,16]. These studies indicated that antioxidants capable of scavenging ROS, including reactive oxygen free radicals such as superoxide, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals, could have therapeutic advantages to treat I/R-mediated cardiac injury. There is a need to understand and identify suitable antioxidant interventions to salvage the myocardium from
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