Abstract
Three wild relatives Solanum: S. trilobatum L. (P1), S. indicum L. (P2), S. surattense Burm F. (P3) and four cultivars of S. melongena L.: ‘Pusa Kranthi’ (P4), ‘Pusa purple long’ (P5), ‘Pusa purple cluster’ (P6) and ‘Green round’ (P7) were evaluated for their callus induction frequency, total callus quantity, embryogenic callus quantity and plant regeneration ability. The present experiment revealed that in vitro response was significantly affected by the genotype, hormonal concentration and age of the explants (P<0.05). Cotyledon at walking stick stage of explants responded more than the opened leaves stage in all genotypes except in P1. Out of seven genotypes, P3 exhibited the highest callus induction, E-callus and regeneration response followed by P5 while highest total callus quantity obtained in P4. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l NAA+2.5 mg/l BAP was optimum for callus initiation, total callus quantity and embryogenic callus formation, and MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l each BAP and KN were optimum for regeneration. Rooting of shoots occurred on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 and 1.5 mg/l IBA respectively. The rooted plant lets were well accomplished with a survival frequency of 85.5±5%. Moreover, there were no phenotypic differences observed between the in vitro regenerated and in vivo plantlets.
Highlights
The genus Solanum is predominant to Central and South America and some of the species have originated in Indian subcontinent, including the cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena)
A survey of information from the earlier works on non-tuberiferous solanums revealed the major role played by these factors and the variations that existed in their effects (Collonnier et al, 2001; Kashyap et al, 2003; Kantharajha and Golegaonkar, 2004)
In S. melongena, regeneration from the cotyledonary explants at different developmental stages ranging from one week old to 30 days old have been reported (Alicchio et al, 1982; Fobert and Webb, 1988; Rao, 1992; Saito and Nishimura, 1994; Momiyama et al, 1995; Sharma and Rajam, 1995; Hitomi et al, 1998; Magioli et al, 1998; Scoccianti et al, 2000; Tarre et al, 2004; Rahaman et al, 2006)
Summary
The genus Solanum is predominant to Central and South America and some of the species have originated in Indian subcontinent, including the cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena). The genus Solanum is a medicinally important member of the family Solanaceae, well known for the presence of steroidal alkaloids, mainly Solasonine and Solamargine. It is a good system for transformation studies since plant regeneration via direct and indirect regeneration can be achieved in different species and cultivars of the Solanum (Collonnier et al, 2001; Kashyap et al, 2003; Kantharajah and Golegaonkar, 2004; Magioli and Mansur, 2005). Gene transfer in Solanum through direct or indirect somatic hybridization is depending on the efficient in vitro protocol, and on factors that control in vitro response. Rao (1992) Sharma and Rajam (1995) demonstrated the effect of genotype, explants and its position on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in eggplant, it has confined to only a few cultivars of S. molongena L
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