Abstract
Galangal essential oil is obtained from the rhizomes of galangal with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties, which are valuable in the food industry. To explore the effect of galangal essential oil on the quality of pineapple juice, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% galangal essential emulsion were added, and their influence on the physical stability, physicochemical properties, microbial quantity, and aroma profiles of cloudy pineapple juice were evaluated. The essential oil emulsion of galangal is a milky white liquid with a strong aroma of galangal. The pH values of emulsion increased from 4.35 to 5.05 with the increase in essential oil concentration, and there was no significant difference in the particle size of the pineapple juice. The results showed that the galangal essential oil emulsion was stable and the stability of the cloudy pineapple juice was significantly enhanced by the essential oil emulsion determined using LUMiSizer. The cloudy pineapple juice with a 0.2% essential oil emulsion showed the most stability during storage. The lightness of the cloudy pineapple juice increased instantly with the essential oil emulsion addition. In addition, the microbial quantity of the cloudy pineapple juice was decreased by the individual essential oil emulsion or combined with thermal treatment to hold a longer shelf life. The microbial counts in pineapple juice treated by 0.4% essential oil emulsion and thermal treatment only increased from 1.06 to 1.59 log CFU/ml after 4 days of storage at 25°C. Additionally, the pH and total soluble solids showed a slightly increasing trend; however, the value of titratable acidity, free radical scavenging capacity, and ascorbic acid content of the cloudy pineapple juice showed no significant change. Finally, the results of the electronic nose showed that the aroma components of the pineapple juice were changed by the essential oil emulsion and thermal treatment, and the difference was especially evident in the content of the sulfur, sulfur organic, and aromatics compounds. Consequently, the results indicated that galangal essential oil emulsion can be used as juice additives to improve the quality attributes and extend the shelf-life of cloudy pineapple juice.
Highlights
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is attributed to the Bromeliaceae family which is widely planted in many parts of the world [1,2,3]
The average particle size and polydispersity index of emulsion remained nearly unchanged as the galangal essential oil concentration increased from 0.5 to 4 %, indicating that the emulsions were stable under different concentrations of galangal essential oil [32]
This study investigated the effect of galangal essential oil emulsion on the quality attributes of cloudy pineapple juice
Summary
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is attributed to the Bromeliaceae family which is widely planted in many parts of the world [1,2,3] It is a commercially important tropical fruit and the high demand for cloudy pineapple juice is due to its distinct aroma, pleasant flavor, exquisite taste, and high nutritional values, especially abundant in ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and flavonoids [4, 5]. The fresh cloudy pineapple juice has a short shelf life because of the enzyme activity, microbial spoilage, and physical factors during extraction, resulting in the loss of freshness and other nutrients. To protect it from microbial contamination, product instability, and other damages, many physical and chemical methods have been adopted [6, 7]. Essential oil is effective for inhibiting and/or killing microorganisms in beverage systems, which is of great interest to the food industry
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