Effect of Fucoidan Incorporation on the Physicochemical Properties of Dental Restorative Materials

Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the material interface of adjacent layers of dental materials

Aim The success of the root canal treatment mainly depends upon the three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. The purpose of this study is to compare the sealing ability of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and methods Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha using AH PLUS sealer in all groups. The intracanal sealing material used in group I was GIC, group II was MTA, and group III was biodentine. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned. Coronal microleakage was determined under a stereomicroscope using 15× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). Results Biodentine group leaked significantly less than the GIC group (p < 0.05). The sealing ability of biodentine was better than that of MTA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Biodentine or MTA may be preferred over GIC as an intracanal barrier. Clinical significance Biodentine or MTA can be used in areas where an impervious seal has to be obtained. They can also be used to seal the perforations in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canal. These materials have an ability to form a barrier during apexification procedures. How to cite this article Navya RR, Shivamurthy GB. Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):12-15.

Objectives: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of mineral triox- ide aggregate (MTA) mixed with glass ionomer cement (GIC), and to compare it with that of MTA, GIC, IRM and SuperEBA. Materials and Methods: Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups such as 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 2 groups depending on the mixing ratios of MTA powder and GIC powder. Instead of distilled water, GIC liq- uid was mixed with the powder. This study was carried out using MG-63 cells derived from human osteosarcoma. They were incubated for 1 day on the surfaces of disc samples and examined by scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of test materials quantitatively, XTT assay was used. The cells were exposed to the extracts and incubated. Cell viability was recorded by measuring the optical den- sity of each test well in reference to controls. Results: The SEM revealed that elongated, dense, and almost confluent cells were observed in the cultures of MTA mixed with GIC, MTA and GIC. On the contrary, cells on the surface of IRM or SuperEBA were round in shape. In XTT assay, cell viability of MTA mixed with GIC group was similar to that of MTA or GIC at all time points. IRM and SuperEBA showed significantly lower cell viability than other groups at all time points ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this research MTA mixed with GIC showed similar cellular responses as MTA and GIC. It suggests that MTA mixed with GIC has good biocompatibility like MTA and GIC. (J Kor Acad Cons Dent ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the push-out bond strength of four endodontic root perforation repair materials on blood contamination. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted 80 single-rooted human canine teeth were used. The crowns of all teeth were removed, and the mid-root dentin was sectioned horizontally into slices with a thickness of 1.0mm by using a diamond disk. In 40 samples, a 27-gauge syringe was used to inject blood into the perforated area, which was taken from the patient. Biodentine (Septodont, Pennsylvania, USA) liquid from a single dose container was emptied into a powder-containing capsule and mixed 30 seconds, was mixed in 10 samples; glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Fuji IX; GC, Tokyo, Japan) was mixed in 10 samples; ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (DENTSPLY, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, Oklahoma), hand mixed with sterile water at a powder to liquid ratio of 3:1 in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, was mixed in 10 samples; and Cavit (ESPE Dental Products, Ohio, USA) was mixed in 10 samples and placed in perforation area. In the remaining 40 samples, normal saline irrigation was performed before restoring 10 samples with Biodentine, 10 samples with GIC, 10 samples with ProRoot MTA, and 10 samples with Cavit. The samples were carried in wet gauze piece and placed in a closed container in an incubator at 370°C and 100% humidity until push-out bond strength was carried out. Results: The result was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests. P <0.05 was considered as significant. Conclusion: Push-out bond strength of Biodentine was higher than that of ProRoot MTA, GIC, and Cavit on blood contamination.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an experimental material used for the capping of pulps as well as a root end filling material. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a widely used dental restorative due to its high mechanical strength and antibacterial function. The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial property of MTA when mixed with GIC. The study comprised four groups with 5 samples each: Group A (MTA), group B (GIC), groups C (MTA+GIC+MTA Liquid) and group D (MTA+GIC+GIC Liquid). All samples were tested against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method in Tryptone soya agar. The One-way ANOVA test was employed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for MacOS (Version 19, 2010) with the level of significance set at P&lt;0.05. The average zone of inhibition of group A was 18.6 ± 1.714 mm, group B was 0.4 ± 0.548 mm, group C was 18.6 ± 2.608 mm and group D was 12.8 ± 2.168 mm. Data was statistically significant, F(3,16)=11.631, P&lt;0.001. The antibacterial activity of MTA and MTA when mixed with GIC and MTA liquid is similar but better than other study groups.

SummaryObjectivesThe aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of antacid gastric syrups on the surface roughness and microhardness of restorative dental materials.Materials and methodsThree different composite resins, nanohybrid, microhybrid and giomer, and four antacid gastric syrups were used in the study. A total of 150 samples were obtained by preparing 50 (10 mm x 2 mm) disk-shaped samples of each composite type. The composites were randomly divided into 5 subgroups and immersed in antacid syrups for 2 min every day for 28 days. The control group samples were kept in distilled water for 28 days. Surface roughness was measured at the beginning, on the 7th, 15th and 28th days using a mechanical profilometer, AFM, and SEM and microhardness was measured using a Vickers device. Shapiro-Wilk, Repeated Measures ANOVA, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter 28 days, the surface roughness of the giomer composite decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composites increased slightly but not significantly (p > 0.05). Microhardness values of microhybrid and giomer composites showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). SEM and AFM results were in agreement with the mechanical profilometer findings.ConclusionAgents such as calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate in antacid gastric syrups can affect the surface properties of restorative dental materials. This may adversely affect the longevity and aesthetics of restorations.Clinical significanceThe study emphasizes the need for caution in restorative material selection and care protocols in patients using antacid gastric syrups.

Antibacterial dental restorative materials (ADRM) have been developed to prevent or treat dental caries and other infections. Glass ionomer cements (GICs), composite resins, calcium hydroxide-based materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioactive glasses, silver-containing materials, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), chlorhexidine, nanoparticles, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are common types of ADRMs. They have antibacterial properties due to the release of fluoride ions, QACs, silver nanoparticles, calcium and hydroxyl ions. ADRMs can prevent tooth decay, promote healing of pulp tissue and regenerate damaged tissues. Researchers are exploring new agents like nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides to improve the antibacterial properties of ADRMs. PDT is a promising technology for improving the antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials. Antibacterial bioactive dental materials like bioactive glasses, calcium phosphate-based materials, hydroxyapatite-based materials, antibacterial peptides, and silver-containing materials have been developed to provide an additional layer of protection against infection and improve the longevity of dental restorations.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and MTA Plus when used as root-end restorative materials using scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods Forty-five extracted teeth with one root canal were cleaned and sectioned at cementoenamel junction, maintaining a standardized length of 15 mm. Chemomechanical preparation and obturation was done in all the samples, and access was restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Root-end cavities were prepared in all the samples after 3-mm apical root end was resected. Forty-five samples were divided into three groups with 15 samples each. Root apices were filled with ProRoot MTA in group I, Biodentine in group II, and MTA Plus in group III. The sample teeth were sectioned for examination of gaps at the margins using scanning electron microscope. The data collected were put to statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc tests. Results The minimum margin gap score of 2.44 μm was observed in group II (Biodentine), whereas maximum gap score of 5.63 μm was observed in group I (ProRoot MTA); 4.92 μm mean margin gap score was observed in group III (MTA Plus). Conclusion Biodentine showed least margin gap at the interface, so it can be considered as the best root-end filling material, whereas, MTA Plus can be considered as a substitute to ProRoot MTA as a root-end filling material.

Context:Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible repair material that is often used along with glass ionomer cement (GIC) in many clinical situations.Aims:In this study, the interface of GIC and MTA was examined, and the effect of time on this interface was tested.Materials and Methods:Forty 9-mm hollow cylindrical glass molds were filled with MTA and then according to the group either conventional GIC or resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) is filled immediately or after 45 min. The specimens were then sectioned, carbon coated, and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental analysis was done.Statistical Analysis:Observational study, no statistical analysis done.Results:The SEM showed that both the groups underwent adhesive separation and gap formation at the interface. The specimens in which GIC was condensed over freshly mixed MTA (group IIA and group IIB) also showed cohesive separation in MTA; however, it was more in the GIC condensed after 45 min over MTA groups (group IA and group IB). The results were better for conventional GIC than RMGIC.Conclusions:GIC can be applied over freshly mixed MTA with minimal effects on the MTA, but this effect decreases with time.

An evaluation of accelerated Portland cement as a restorative material

Aim:The present study compares the marginal adaption of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) as root-end filling materials in extracted human teeth using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).Materials and Methods:Thirty single rooted human teeth were obturated with Gutta-percha after cleaning and shaping. Apical 3 mm of roots were resected and retrofilled with MTA, GIC and IRM. One millimeter transverse section of the retrofilled area was used to study the marginal adaptation of the restorative material with the dentin. Mounted specimens were examined using SEM at approximately 15 Kv and 10-6 Torr under high vacuum condition. At 2000 X magnification, the gap size at the material-tooth interface was recorded at 2 points in microns.Statistical Analysis:One way ANOVA Analysis of the data from the experimental group was carried out with gap size as the dependent variable, and material as independent variable.Results:The lowest mean value of gap size was recorded in MTA group (0.722 ± 0.438 μm) and the largest mean gap in GIC group (1.778 ± 0.697 μm).Conclusion:MTA showed least gap size when compared to IRM and GIC suggesting a better marginal adaptation.

Background/Aim: Immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps present thin dentinal walls and open apices, making them highly susceptible to cervical fractures even after apexification. This study aimed to compare stress distribution patterns produced by different coronal base materials following mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: A CBCT-based model of a maxillary immature incisor was reconstructed and modified to simulate six restorative scenarios: control (sound tooth), MTA + conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), MTA + resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), MTA + bulk-fill flowable composite, MTA + conventional composite resin, and MTA + flowable composite resin. A 100 N oblique load (45°) was applied, and von Mises stress, displacement, and periodontal ligament strain were analyzed. Inter-model comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: All models exhibited maximum stress concentration in the cervical third of the root. Bulk-fill flowable composite and RMGIC generated lower cervical stress and more homogeneous distribution compared with GIC or conventional composite resin. Conventional composite resin produced the highest stress concentration due to its higher stiffness. Derived biomechanical metrics confirmed statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The coronal base material strongly affects the biomechanical behavior of immature incisors restored after MTA apexification. Selecting low-modulus, stress-dissipating materials such as bulk-fill flowable composites or RMGICs may minimize cervical stress and potentially reduce fracture risk. These computational findings warrant validation through in vitro and clinical studies.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) for repair of furcation perforation.Methods Between January 2010 and December 2011,98 teeth with furcation perforation confirmed in Affiliated Guanghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were randomly allocated to be subjected to repairing procedures in which MTA or GIC was applied.Follow-up assessments was performed at week 1 and months 1,3,6 and 12.Results MTA and GIC achieved a successful rate of 95.8％and 91.3％ in patients without root furcating lesion (P＞0.05).These figures were 92.0％ and 53.8％ for MTA and GIC in patients with root furcating lesion,respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusions MTA and GIC effectively facilitate the repair of furcation perforation without root furcating lesion.MTA is more effective for the treatment of furcation perforation in patients with root furcating lesion. Key words: Dental pulp diseases; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Glassionomercemens; Perforation at the pulp bottom ; Root furcating lesion

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the apical seal obtained with Calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer cement, polycarboxylate cement, gutta-percha, composite resin, silver amalgam, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and new endodontic cement (NEC) by an electrochemical method. Materials and Method: Apical cavities were prepared in maxillary & mandibular anterior teeth which were then divided equally into six groups. The restorative materials namely, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer cement, polycarboxylate cement, gutta percha, composite resin, silver amalgam, mineral trioxide aggregate and new endodontic cement, were manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions and filled in the respective groups of ten samples each. An electrochemical method was used to evaluate the apical seal. The observations were recorded at 24 hour intervals for 7 days. Results: The data obtained was recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Student‘t’ test was used to derive‘t’ values of comparisons of all the test materials with Glass ionomer cement (which came out to be the best material in the present study). Conclusions: Glass ionomer cement provided the best apical seal of all the materials tested whereas Polycarboxylate cement produced the worst apical seal of all the materials tested. MTA & NEC which are more biocompatible, have better sealability when used as a retrograde filling material because of their good handling characteristics and regenerative properties.

ObjectivesTricalcium silicate is the major constituent phase in mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA). It is thus postulated that pure tricalcium silicate can replace thePortland cement component of MTA. The aim of this study was to evaluate bondstrength of methacrylate-based (MB) composites, silorane-based (SB) composites,and glass ionomer cement (GIC) to Biodentine® and mineral trioxideaggregate (MTA). Material and MethodsAcrylic blocks (n=90, 2 mm high, 5 mm diameter central hole) were prepared. In 45of the samples, the holes were fully filled with Biodentine® and in theother 45 samples, the holes were fully filled with MTA. The Biodentine®and the MTA samples were randomly divided into 3 subgroups of 15 specimens each:Group-1: MB composite; Group-2: SB composite; and Group-3: GIC. For the shear bondstrength (SBS) test, each block was secured in a universal testing machine. ResultsThe highest (17.7±6.2 MPa) and the lowest (5.8±3.2 MPa) bond strength values wererecorded for the MB composite-Biodentine® and the GIC-MTA,respectively. Although the MB composite showed significantly higher bond strengthto Biodentine (17.7±6.2) than it did to MTA (8.9±5.7) (p<0.001), the SBcomposite (SB and MTA=7.4±3.3; SB and Biodentine®=8.0±3,6) and GIC (GICand MTA=5.8±3.2; GIC and Biodentine=6.7±2.6) showed similar bond strengthperformance with MTA compared with Biodentine (p=0.73 and p=0.38, respectively).ConclusionsThe new pure tricalcium-based pulp capping, repair, and endodontic material showedhigher shear bond scores compared to MTA when used with the MB composite.