Abstract
BackgroundEnantia chlorantha is a plant belonging to Annonaceae Family. The Barks and leaves are used traditionally to treat infectious diseases. Earlier studies highlighted the antibacterial activity of stem barks methanol extract. This study is thus aimed at investigating the effect of fractionation on antibacterial activity of its n-butanol fraction.MethodsThe extract of E. chlorantha stem barks was obtained by maceration in methanol and then subjected to a liquid/liquid partition by successive depletion with solvents of increasing polarity. The n-butanol fraction was fractionated by adsorption chromatography on silica gel. A product was isolated from the dichloromethane/methanol (2%) fraction and the structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data; Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), H-correlation spectroscopy (H-COSY), attached proton test (APT), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HSQC). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method against six reference strains and eight clinical bacterial strains.ResultsThe n-butanol fraction was found to be active with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 μg/mL. The FA sub-fraction was more efficient among the eight sub-fractions, the n-butanol fraction and comparable to Chloramphenicol used as reference antibiotic. The product obtained was elucidated as palmitin. The antibacterial activity of the latter was comparable to that of Chloramphenicol on one reference strain and 4 of the 6 clinical strains.ConclusionThe FA sub-fraction had better antibacterial activity than the n-butanol fraction and other sub-fractions, and possibly palmitin was the active substance responsible for the antibacterial activity of E. chlorantha.
Highlights
Enantia chlorantha is a plant belonging to Annonaceae Family
Previous studies from our research team highlighted the antibacterial activity of the stem barks methanol extract and a significant increase of this activity achieved with the n-butanol fraction following successive partition of this methanol extract [7]
Adesokan et al, [18] revealed the antibacterial activity of the aqueous bark extract of this plant on S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) values between 25 and 105 mg/mL. These results are in line with those reported by our research team and point out the E. clorantha barks as a source of antibacterial compound
Summary
Enantia chlorantha is a plant belonging to Annonaceae Family. The Barks and leaves are used traditionally to treat infectious diseases. The study of plant chemistry and its virtues for the treatment of diverse human diseases is very old. Etame et al BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019) 19:56 traditionally used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, malaria, and yellow fever [8]. Recent studies on this plant revealed antiviral [9], anti-cancer, antioxidant [10] and antimicrobial activities [11]. As a continuation to those previous works, the current study was initiated to investigate the effect of further fractionation of the n-butanol fraction of E. chorantha stem bark methanol extract on its antibacterial activity
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