Abstract
Abstract Background Food industry is extensively using tartrazine however, influence of tartrazine-exposure on pancreas remains to be elucidated. Materials and methods This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tartrazine on pancreas and glucose homeostasis in rats. Albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I was control, group II and III were assigned as low and high doses of tartrazine-exposed groups respectively. Blood samples were collected to estimate the glucose homeostasis and insulin, amylase and lipase activity, and glucose tolerance along with morphology of pancreas. Results The results showed that tartrazine at higher doses, increased blood sugar (230.830±0.940 mg/dL) and insulin (0.395±0.012 ng/mL) levels as compared to that of control. HOMA-IR value of tartrazine-exposed rats was significantly high (1.450±0.090) as compared to that of control. Moreover, the serum levels of amylase and lipase were also increased significantly in tartrazine-exposed rats. Correspondingly, morphology of pancreas was also found to be changed in tartrazine-exposed rats. Conclusion These results demonstrated that tartrazine has a critical influence on glucose homeostasis. This evidently reveals that tartrazine has damaging effects on pancreas and enduring the exposure of tartrazine could possibly result in the disturbance of normal endocrine functioning of pancreas.
Highlights
Food additives including food azo-dyes are most commonly used to enhance the color and taste of the food items and are considered as an important item of the food industry [1]
AKanwal Rehman and Amna Ashraf contributed to this work. *Corresponding author: Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, e-mail: sajidakash@gmail.com, sajidakash@gcuf.edu.pk. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9446-5233 Kanwal Rehman, Amna Ashraf and Farooq Azam: Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. These results demonstrated that tartrazine has a critical influence on glucose homeostasis. This reveals that tartrazine has damaging effects on pancreas and enduring the exposure of tartrazine could possibly result in the disturbance of normal endocrine functioning of pancreas
We investigated the effect of tartrazine-exposure on insulin sensitivity and/or resistance by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using the values of fasting blood glucose and serum level of fasting insulin
Summary
Food additives including food azo-dyes are most commonly used to enhance the color and taste of the food items and are considered as an important item of the food industry [1]. Since 1995, natural and synthetic coloring agents have been widely used in majority of food and pharmaceutical industries [4]. There are number of coloring agents that are commonly used in pharmaceutical and food industries among which tartrazine is most commonly used. The chemical name of tartrazine is trisodium-5 hydroxy-1-(4sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole3-carboxylate (Figure 1) and contains azo linkage (–N=N–) in its structure that is known to be metabolized into sulfanilic acid and aminopyrazolone by intestinal bacteria. HOMA-IR value of tartrazine-exposed rats was significantly high (1.450 ± 0.090) as compared to that of control. The serum levels of amylase and lipase were increased significantly in tartrazine-exposed rats. Morphology of pancreas was found to be changed in tartrazine-exposed rats
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