Abstract
The stationary states of the Pierce diode are found in the presence of reflection of electrons from the potential barrier when electron scattering by background particles is taken into account. Solutions are divided into two groups: Bursian and non-Bursian. It is shown that non-Bursian solutions disappear when the average collision frequency is of the order of 10% of the plasma frequency. The results can be used to optimize the characteristics of a thermionic energy converter operating in the regime with surface ionization.
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