Abstract
Objectives:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bonding strength of non-simplified dentin bonding systems (DBS) to dentin irradiated with a diode laser (970 nm) immediately and after 12 months of water storage following either primer or bond application.Material and methods:The experimental design included three different factors: DBS type [AdperTM Scotchbond Multipurpose (MP) and Clearfil™ SE Bond (CSE)], irradiation [without irradiation - control (C), irradiation after primer application (AP), and irradiation after bond application (AB)], and time [initial (I) and after 12 months of water storage (12 m)]. Sixty sound human third molars (n = 10) were obtained, and their flat occlusal dentin areas were prepared and standardized. Laser irradiation was performed in the contact mode perpendicular to the dental surface over an automatically selected scanning area at a pulse energy of 0.8 W, frequency of 10 Hz, and energy density of 66.67 J/cm2. After 7 days of treatment, the specimens were cut, and half of them were subjected to microtensile testing (500 N/0.05 mm/min), whereas the remaining sticks were examined after 12 months of water storage. The obtained data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test (p<0.05). The observed fracture modes were investigated using a portable digital microscope with a magnification of 40x.Results:Among the utilized DBS, MP generally exhibited higher bond strengths, but did not always differ from CSE under similar conditions. The irradiation factor was statistically significant only for the MP/AB groups. After 12 months of storage, all groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the bond strength, whereas the results of fracture analysis showed a predominance of the adhesive type.Conclusions:The laser treatment of non-simplified DBS was not able to stabilize their bonding characteristics after 12 months.
Highlights
Introduction primer or bond applicationPolymeric restorative procedures performed on dental substrates rely essentially on the ability of the currently available dentin bonding systems (DBS) to promote interaction with demineralized dentin via mechanical imbrication or chemical bonding.1-3 Margin restorations on enamel typically exhibit good adhesion characterized by high longevity, which is comparable with that of amalgam restorations.4 the dentin substrate forms a relatively weak bond with the resin due to its complexity and fragility,5 causing clinical failures related to marginal infiltration and aesthetics.6Different strategies have been proposed to improve the long-term dentin bonding strength.7-11 Some of them focused on the obtention of more hydrophobic polymer resins and/or their ability to chemically interact with dentin, while other works aimed at reinforcing collagen fibers
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bonding strength of non-simplified dentin bonding systems (DBS) to dentin irradiated with a diode laser (970 nm) immediately and after 12 months of water storage following either primer or bond application
MP/AB was the only group of specimens negatively affected by laser irradiation
Summary
Introduction primer or bond applicationPolymeric restorative procedures performed on dental substrates rely essentially on the ability of the currently available dentin bonding systems (DBS) to promote interaction with demineralized dentin via mechanical imbrication or chemical bonding. Margin restorations on enamel typically exhibit good adhesion characterized by high longevity, which is comparable with that of amalgam restorations. the dentin substrate forms a relatively weak bond with the resin due to its complexity and fragility, causing clinical failures related to marginal infiltration and aesthetics.6Different strategies have been proposed to improve the long-term dentin bonding strength. Some of them focused on the obtention of more hydrophobic polymer resins and/or their ability to chemically interact with dentin, while other works aimed at reinforcing collagen fibers. The dentin substrate forms a relatively weak bond with the resin due to its complexity and fragility, causing clinical failures related to marginal infiltration and aesthetics.. Different strategies have been proposed to improve the long-term dentin bonding strength.. Some of them focused on the obtention of more hydrophobic polymer resins and/or their ability to chemically interact with dentin, while other works aimed at reinforcing collagen fibers. One of such approaches combined the laser technology with DBS which has been considered promising, since high values of their bonding strengths were observed in laboratory studies.
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