Abstract
BackgroundA natural carbohydrate biopolymer was extracted from the agricultural biomass waste (durian seed). Subsequently, the crude biopolymer was purified by using the saturated barium hydroxide to minimize the impurities. Finally, the effect of different drying techniques on the flow characteristics and functional properties of the purified biopolymer was investigated. The present study elucidated the main functional characteristics such as flow characteristics, water- and oil-holding capacity, solubility, and foaming capacity.ResultsIn most cases except for oven drying, the bulk density decreased, thus increasing the porosity. This might be attributed to the increase in the inter-particle voids of smaller sized particles with larger contact surface areas per unit volume. The current study revealed that oven-dried gum and freeze-dried gum had the highest and lowest compressibility index, thus indicating the weakest and strongest flowability among all samples. In the present work, the freeze-dried gum showed the lowest angle of repose, bulk, tapped and true density. This indicates the highest porosity degree of freeze dried gum among dried seed gums. It also exhibited the highest solubility, and foaming capacity thus providing the most desirable functional properties and flow characteristics among all drying techniques.ConclusionThe present study revealed that freeze drying among all drying techniques provided the most desirable functional properties and flow characteristics for durian seed gum.
Highlights
A natural carbohydrate biopolymer was extracted from the agricultural biomass waste
The current study revealed that purified durian seed gum showed a similar trend of solubility at room and high temperature (80°C)
Water- and oil-holding capacity (WHC and OHC) The results indicated that the drying process significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the capacity of water absorption (WHC) of durian seed gum
Summary
A natural carbohydrate biopolymer was extracted from the agricultural biomass waste (durian seed). Natural carbohydrate biopolymers from plant sources provide a broad range of functional properties. Natural carbohydrate biopolymers are usually originated from nonpolluting renewable sources for the sustainable supply with a broad range of functional properties. They are mainly used for many applications as drug delivery carrier and binder, emulsifier, thickener, suspending agents and etc. The physicochemical and functional properties of natural plant-based biopolymers are extensively influenced by many factors such as the chemical composition and molecular structure of the biopolymer. The extraction, purification, drying and/or further modification processes can significantly affect the chemical composition and molecular structure, thereby influencing the functional properties of biopolymers
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