Abstract
The study aim was to investigate the effects of individualized dietary intervention in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. In this randomized and controlled clinical trial, a total of 55 women 40-65 years old presenting metabolic syndrome diagnosis were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (50.9%). The intervention group received individualized diets prescribed by nutritionists. Participants were assessed at baseline moment (M0) and after a 16 weeks period (M1) for anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary parameters. The Student’s t-test was applied for independent and dependent numerical variables. It was hypothesized that postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome obtaining dietary intervention would show improvement in the assessed parameters. At M0 there was no significant difference in all parameters between groups, demonstrating homogeneity samples. Yet, at M1, the intervention group showed statistical significant differences: decline in body weight (−3.5 kg), body mass index (−0.3 kg/m2), waist circumference (−4.1 cm), and systolic (−7.6 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.6 mmHg); reductions in plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDLcholesterol; as well as increase of HDL-cholesterol and decrease in habitual consumption of energy and dietary lipids. Regarding diet quality, we observed increase of fish, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables consumption; and decrease of butter, margarine, sweets, soft drinks, and fast food consumption. In contrast, the control group showed no improvement in any of these parameters; quite the contrary, they even showed significant weight gain (+0.6 kg). The intervention group had 18.5% reversal rate in metabolic syndrome diagnosis, showing that individualized nutrition care was effective in controlling the metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder, characterized by interrelated metabolic abnormalities [1]
The most recent definition for MS was described by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2009 [4], featuring MS as an association of factors like: hypertriglyceridemia, low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol, increased plasma glucose levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and/or elevated systemic arterial blood pressure
Aiming to promote eating habits changes in the intervention group participants, we offered an individualized diet with energy restriction of 500 to 1,000 kilocalories per day, calculated based on the diet history, according to the recommendations from the Brazilian Guidelines on Obesity [27] and the I Brazilian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome [24]
Summary
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder, characterized by interrelated metabolic abnormalities [1]. The most recent definition for MS was described by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2009 [4], featuring MS as an association of factors like: hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL), low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol (less than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women), increased plasma glucose levels (greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL), type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and/or elevated systemic arterial blood pressure (greater than or equal to 130/85 mmHg) Such concept can be employed as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice to ascertain the patient’s metabolic and cardiovascular risk, which serves as a guide for their treatment [5]. Cho et al [13] found that postmenopause status was an independent risk factor for MS and all of its individual components
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