Effect of dexamethasone on cell population kinetics in the adrenal cortex of the prepubertal male rat.

Abstract

SUMMARY The effect of a single injection of dexamethasone on adrenocortical cell proliferation was studied in prepubertal male rats using tritiated thymidine. After a short latent period, all zones of the adrenal cortex showed a rapid decrease in both labelling and mitotic indices. After a prolonged period when very low indices were apparent, there was a rapid rise in both proliferative indices with most zones showing a considerable increase above control values. A more detailed study of the initial depression showed that after a latent period of about 5 h the labelling index fell approximately 8 h before the mitotic index. This differential response in the labelling and mitotic indices was consistent with a block in the cell cycle late in the pre-DNA synthetic interval of the cell cycle (G1), with cells being prevented from entering DNA synthesis. This hypothesis was also supported by an experiment involving continuous labelling of control and dexamethasone-treated animals; again after a latent period of 5–6 h, the rate of increase of the continuous labelling index fell as cells became blocked in late G1. By analogy with other tissues, results are interpreted in terms of a direct action of dexamethasone on adrenocortical cells; this steroid-sensitive step in the cell cycle may be important in the control of growth in the adrenal cortex.