Effect of daily immersion of different beverages on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base resins.

Abstract

To measure the effect of daily immersion in varying beverages (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice) on surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base resins. 160 acrylic resin discs (15×2.5mm) were made from heat-polymerized (HP), and 3D-printed resins (FormLabs, ASIGA, and NextDent). Resin discs (N = 40) were immersed in different solutions (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, or orange juice; (n = 10/group)). Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured initially (T0), 6 months post immersion (T1), and 12 months post immersion (T2) using a non-contact profilometer. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using CIEL2000 at T1 and T2 using a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test in addition to general linear modeling (α = 0.05). Significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) were found between the baseline and immersion in distilled water, carbonated beverage, and orange juice (p<0.05). HP resin showed increased roughness with all immersion solutions compared to T0 with the highest value seen at T1 with tea. ASIGA resin had the highest mean Ra of 1.78 (0.43) after carbonated beverage immersion, while FormLabs resin had the lowest mean Ra of 0.88 (0.06) after distilled water immersion. Tea immersion did not significantly affect Ra among the resins (p>0.05). Noticeable color changes were observed after immersion in tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice. All resins exceeded perceptibility and acceptability thresholds at T1 and T2. The combined effect of time and resin on color change was statistically significant (p<0.001), while the combined effects of time/immersion solution, immersion solution/resin, and immersion solution/resin/time were not. Carbonated beverage, tea, and orange juice increase the surface roughness of 3D-printed resins. Tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice resulted in noticeable color changes of HP and 3D-printed denture base resins and this change was time-dependent.