Abstract
The therapeutic method traditionally used in bone defect reconstruction is autologous bone grafting. The most common problems affecting this type of repair approach are bone absorption and donor trauma. The approach taken in this study overcomes these problems. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) provided the crucial seed cells. Fibrin biological scaffolds were formed by combining the BMSCs with concentrated growth factor (CGF). BMSCs were isolated from Wistar rat femurs; CGF was prepared from rat heart blood. Five repair groups were created for comparative purposes: (A) CGF + BMSCs; (B) CGF; (C) collagen + BMSCs; (D) collagen; (E) blank. After three months, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathology and three-dimensional CT images produced. Bone regeneration was significantly higher in the (A) CGF + BMSC group; osteogenesis was lower in the (B) CGF and (C) collagen + BMSC groups, at very similar levels; the (D) collagen and (E) blank groups scored the lowest results. Our research suggests that combining CGF with BMSCs leads to the formation of fibrin scaffolds that have a powerful effect on osteogenesis as well as a subsidiary angiogenic effect. SEM images of the CGF scaffolds cultured with BMSCs confirmed good CGF biocompatibility. The superior osteoinductive activity of the CGF + BMSC combination makes it an excellent biomaterial for bone regeneration.
Highlights
To counter these disadvantages, researchers have tried several strategies
concentrated growth factor (CGF), the third-generation platelet concentrate introduced by Sacco in 200614, contains more growth factors and has a harder fibrin structure than first-generation platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and second-generation PRF15
Hibi et al applied PRP and autologous mesenchymal stem cells to repair the alveolar cleft of a 9-year-old female patient and regenerated bone was observed by CT after three months with 79.1% remaining after nine months[17]
Summary
Many researchers have studied the effectiveness of stem cells in bone regeneration[5,6,7]. Kuznetsov[8] found that bone marrow derived stromal cells played a critical role in long-term mandibular bone augmentation. More recent studies claimed that better bone regeneration effects could be obtained by combining stem cells with PRP12,13. The disadvantage of PRP is its complex preparation process: several procedures are needed to isolate it and it has to be activated by thrombin and calcium chloride. In research carried out in 2013, Honda et al carried out bone tissue regeneration experiments on rat calvaria defects using a CGF + BMSC combination and signaled excellent healing of a critical-size bone defect in vivo. Our team combined CGF with BMSCs for in vivo bone defect repair
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